The program is very popular. According to STAR Travel agency [RUS], some 30,000 students from Russia alone take part in Work and Travel USA annually. The number of Ukrainian participants is close to 11,000 students, Ekonomichna Pravda reported last year [RUS].

For most of these young people, Work and Travel is the first experience of living on their own. For many of them, it is their first time abroad. Coming to an entirely new culture with not much cash, they have to quickly learn how to survive, find a job and a place to live. Internet has become an important tool that helps students to find travel companions, discuss employment and housing, and just to share stories of their summer abroad.

Below is what blogger Tatsiana wrote [RUS] about her first night in the United States, one of the winning blogs of the Work and Travel blogging competition [RUS] organized by the International Exchange Center (IEC), one of the organizations that administers the program:

[…] Итак. 11 часов вечера, я одна, со мной все мои документы и деньги. И следуя указателям я нашла airtrain … Людей было мало, и поэтому почему то было еще страшнее … В airtraine я познакомилась с бразильским парнем, которому 30 лет. Он фотограф и был в Сан-Франциско… Он тоже в Нью-Йорк едет, и когда я сказала, что я впервые сдесь, начал мне все объяснять: как купить билет на поезд и так далее.)))

[…]

12 ночи. Где ночевать? Искать хостелл? Одной? Ночью?
Ужасно устала, хочу принять душ и спать…

Бразильский парень, Цезар, прeделожил пойти в хостелл, куда он забронировал билеты. Но самое интересное, что мы очень долго с ним искали, где этот хостелл находится. … хотелось расплакаться! Как же я устала. Вышли на улицу. Пятница. Много людей. Все гуляют, отдыхают! И жутко страшно! Но оттого, что я с Цезаром, я не могу расплакаться и показать, что мне страшно!) Я же смелая, я же в свои 19 лет решилась на это, одна)

Наконец-то мы нашли этот хостелл, и оказалось, что для меня нет свободной кровати. Тогда Цезар предложил мне спать на его кровати, а он постелит себе на полу. Я была в шоке от того, насколько он благороден. Но все равно страшно!

According to the rules of the Work and Travel program, participants are required to have a job offer from an American employer prior to coming to the United States. But sometimes, for various reasons, students lose their initial jobs and have to look for a new employment, which is not an easy task. Here is what blogger taksosvova, who is also a very good photographer, wrote [RUS] about surviving in New York City:

Сегодня с утра я поехал менять оставшиеся русские рубли… За 1800 рублей я получил $42. Теперь у меня хватит денег на безлимитную MetroCard на одну неделю. А метро для большого города - это все. Представляете, сегодня я сытый. Никогда не думал, что так буду радоваться еде. Нашел дешевое китайское кафе, где за $4.50 получаешь тарелку пластиковую, разделенную на 5 секций, в них можно положить любое блюдо. Я поел салат, яишницу, мясо и еще какие-то приколюхи. Потом сидел и получал удовольствие от заполненного желудка.

…кажется, что даже бомжи и бичи в НЙ никогда не унывают. Ходят веселые…сегодня вот в поезде чувак лет 50 ходил и просил денег. Я тоже неунывающий русский безработный. Продолжаю писать письма, заполнять анкеты, звонить…

Three months seem to be enough for most of these young people to get adjusted to a new environment. Later posts of Work and Travel bloggers are mostly about the people they met and experiences they gained. Blogger YesNo from Novosibirsk writes this [RUS] about her work at Walmart in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and about her co-workers:

Я проработала только 3 недели…Уже привыкла и к самой работе, и к людям. Первую неделю каждый, с кем я работаю казался мне целой историей, … а теперь они мне кажутся обычными людьми. И мы говорим с ними на обычные темы, делаем обычные вещи. […]

В нашей команде работает около 20 человек. Конечно, рассказывть о каждом глупая и скучная затея. Но есть те, о которых я буду вспоминать и я знаю об этом уже сейчас.

[…]

Mike. … Когда он узнал, что мы … русские, у него тут же возникло целая куча вопросов: можно ли пить водку по утрам? какое у нас традиционное блюдо? холодно ли в Сибири? есть ли у нас черные? правда, что у нас плохие тюрьмы?… Но что самое хорошее в нем, так это то, что он не только спрашивает и выслушивает ответы, но и рассказывает мне об Америке. Точнее о Питтсбурге. Например, где самые лучшие пиццерии, в каком районе живут самые добрые люди, какое пиво самое вкусное и тому подобное…

[…]

Many bloggers emphasize that the program for them is, above all, an opportunity to gain experience, new emotions and impressions. Ekaterina Bayutina from Lugansk wrote this [RUS] on her return to Ukraine:

Прилетев в Украину и поразмышляв над всем случившимся, я поняла, что США – та страна, где такие студенты, как мы с вами, становятся взрослей на пару лет после пройдённых трудностей, становятся самостоятельней и сильней. В памяти остаются самые тёплые и яркие моменты, увиденное ещё долго будет сниться чудесными картинками, а приобретённый опыт всегда пригодиться в жизни.

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Kiev Zoo zebra by Sergey Galyonkin on Flickr (2009)

The Kiev Zoo has recently attracted attention of both the traditional and citizen media because of the alarming events happening there: quite a few animals at the Zoo have died under unclear circumstances during the last year.

This timeline published in an Ukraina Kriminalnaya article was re-posted on the Legal Discussion Board [RUS]:

Хронология смертей в Киевском зоопарке

30 мая 2010 года – бизон (причина не установлена).
26 мая 2010 года – верблюд (причина не установлена).
26 апреля 2010 года – слон (причина не установлена).
29 марта 2010 года – умер самец зебры Гранта (сломал шею при переводе в летний вольер).
Март 2010 года – лошадь Пржевальского….
Конец февраля 2010 года – 20-летний амурский тигр Иван…
3 декабря 2009 года – уссурийский белогрудый медведь …
Январь 2009 года – сломал шею жираф Рами.

Ukrainian bloggers reacted emotionally to the events at the Kiev Zoo. Many believed that the animals had been poisoned in order to move the zoo to another location and sell the land to commercial developers.

LJ user vsegda_tvoj wrote [RUS]:

Площадь зоопарка составляет более 34 га, не малый кусочек территории в центре города, стоимость сотки земли составляет от 5 до 10 тысяч долларов. Наверное многие помнят, что еще три года назад ходили слухи о том, что на месте зоопарка будет выстроен элитные коттеджи и торговый центр. Животных же должны были перевезти в Вышгород, даже готовилось распоряжение о переселении жителей зоопарка… но вышгородская территория оказалась гораздо меньше киевской. Было решено увезти часть животных в пригород, а остальных отправить в зоопарки крупных украинских городов… Дело с переездом пришлось приостановить из-за поднятого шума касательно раздачи городским советом киевской земли.

[…]

Самое интересное что большинство погибших животных копытные - они куда вынослевей чем хищники или другие. Но это достаточно просто объяснить, у погибших животных очень простые вольеры, чем быстее они опустею, тем быстрее наш зоопарк превратится в коттеджный городок для мажоров.

The death of an elephant named Boy, once a symbol of the Kiev Zoo, was discussed the most. The management of the Zoo, appointed about a year ago, believed that the elephant had been poisoned, but conclusions of experts concerning the cause of Boy's death were very contradictory. According to TSN.ua, some experts declared that the animal had been poisoned, while others believed that the elephant had died because of inadequate care and bad nutrition.

During the last few months the elephant lost more than 2 tons because of a strict diet he had been put on. The zoo veterinarians thought that Boy was overweight (he weighed 6 tons, while the average for this type of elephants is 2 tons) and that the diet would benefit his health, reported focus.ua. The Ukrainian internet was filled with pictures of the elephant before and after the diet.

A story first published on the Internet by Alexander Nikolov, a former keeper who worked with the elephant and quit his job right after Boy's death, was re-posted by many bloggers and traditional media. Alexander accused the new management of being unprofessional and cruel towards the animals. According to Nikolov, the cause of the elephant's death was a rapid change in the diets and the stress that the animal had to go through. Alexander wrote:

Слону Бою резко сократили рацион сразу же после операции в мае 2009 года… Приблизительно с середины марта этого года слону опять резко изменили рацион.…Во время ремонта было решено в слоновнике … постелить асфальт, из-за чего расстояние от пола до потолка слоновника уменьшилось…Бой стал легко доставать до потолка и некоторых окон. Английские специалисты предложили использовать … электросторож…. Бой не мог поднять хобот - его сразу же било током. Никого не волновало, что слону чисто физиологически периодически необходимо поднимать хобот – так слоны выражают свои эмоции. Это все равно, что бить током собаку за каждое виляние хвостом… Он постоянно находился в стрессе…

The idea that the Kiev Zoo animals are dying because of the management's incompetence was also supported by two former employees of the Zoo, Kirill Trantin and Sergey Grigoryev. They established the Kiev Zoo Salvation Group and tried to draw public attention to the situation there. A few more similar groups have been set up as well.

The Kiev Zoo story is still full of mystery and it is hard to predict whether the public will ever know the truth about the deaths of the animals. The feelings of the Ukrainian bloggers can be well expressed by this post of user K011fetka, who wrote:

Это мелко, подло и вообще отвратительно. Убивать зверей. Они же ничего не сделали. Они искренне верят людям.

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"This is Primorye!" - a Primorye Partisans poster by LJ user eurotat

Russian bloggers are currently having a heated discussion of the recent detention of a criminal group that carried out a series of attacks on police in Primorsky region [EN] in Russia’s Far East. The attacks took place between May 27 and June 8, leaving one policeman dead, three wounded, as well as one damaged police department and one shot-up car.

The attacks on police could be linked to the so-called ‘Appeal of the Primorye Partisans‘ [RUS], a letter that demanded that the authorities dismiss current heads of the police and prosecution, stop violence by law enforcement officials, and start a fight against corruption in government institutions. If the demands were not fulfilled, the authors were going to start a “guerrilla war” against the police, Radio Liberty [RUS] reported. The letter was published online and was sent to a number of Primorye police stations, prosecutor's offices, courts and local newspapers.

On June 11, as a result of a special police operation involving armed vehicles and thousands of policemen, the group was detained. Four “partisans” were arrested; two, according to official sources, committed suicide. Investigators said the group was led by a 32-year-old man with criminal past. The age of other ‘rebels' ranged from 18 to 22.

Surprisingly, the Russian public warmly sympathized with the gang’s members. According to the Ekho Moskvy telephone opinion poll, 71 percent of respondents considered the actions of “Primorye Guerrillas” as ‘Robin-Hood-like deeds' and 76 percent said [RUS] they would have assisted members of the gang had they been asked for help. Online, numerous voices in support of the ‘rebels' were heard. High level of corruption combined with low level of public trust in the law enforcement were the main reasons for such widespread popular support.

The police, however, saw the Russian society's problems as the main reason for support. Mikhail Konstantinov, a Primorye police officer, explained in a Komsomolskaya Pravda interview [RUS] that popular support for the criminals was an indicator of serious problems faced by the Russian people. User Zarazalenka commented on this:

конечно, убийство это всегда страшно, кого бы ни убили, убийство - это прежде всего лишение жизни чьего нибудь сына, отца, мужа, но то, что люди поддерживают бандитов, это не значит, что общество больное, это значит, что оно устало от беспредела, царящего в рядах милиции и во власти, которые в свою очередь являются по большей части еще большими бандитами, чем все банды Приморья вместе взятые. Милиция - это самая большая и опасная преступная группировка в нашей стране. конечно, есть честные люди, исполняющие свой долг со всей ответственностью и в милиции. просто не каждый силен характером, чтобы пойти против укоренившейся системы поборов, коррупции и прочего беспредела.

To understand better why the local population supports the “guerrilla gang,” LJ user fritzmorgen, a popular Russian blogger, analyzed [RUS] the recent cases where people suffered from the police or authorities. One of the reasons why Primorye people could be angry with the government was the ban on the Japanese car import, which put an end to the welfare of many local families.

During one of the operations, the police beat up heavily one of the classmates of the suspected ‘partisans'. This fact also contributed to the online public opinion. LJ user fritzmorgen wrote [RUS]:

Спрашивается, чего добиваются омоновцы, избивая мирных жителей? Они, может быть, хотят, чтобы в леса к партизанам начали уходить новые и новые люди?… Не надо быть Вангой, чтобы предсказать: в конфликте партизан с сотрудниками милиции симпатии россиян, однозначно, будут на стороне партизан…

Many sources reported that some members had joined the guerrilla group because they had suffered from unlawful actions of the police in the past. Partizany.org [RUS], a website focused on the coverage of the story, published biographies of some of the ‘rebels'. Below are two of them:

Савченко Роман Владимирович, 18 лет. Его старшый брат при невыясненных обстоятельствах был убит ментами. Наказание за это преступление никто не понес… Кроме того накануне убийств Романа обвинили в том, что он ограбил дачу. Как говорят друзья парня, признания в милиции из него выбивали. Как мы видим, менты сами создали для себя карателей.

Владимир Илютиков. …Владимир жил с мамой, в семье был достаток. Но случилась трагедия: как рассказывают знакомые семьи, при невыясненных обстоятельствах его отца убили милиционеры. Наказание за это преступление никто не понес…

Another aspect of the story, which is being actively discussed by bloggers, is the affiliation of one of the members with the NBP - the National Bolshevik Party [EN]. LJ user eduardmedved described [RUS] Andrey Sukhorada, a party-affiliated ‘rebel', who was killed during the detainment operation:

Andrey Sukhorada during an NBP protest action, 2004, photo by LJ user eduardmedved

он с сестрой приехал в москву в 2003, делать революцию. Революцию тогда делало нбп. Ему было 16, сестре 12. В бункере нбп объяснили, что революция это листовки, газета и митинги с либералами. Он не поверил. Нашёл скинов, им тоже не поверил…
Через шесть лет он ушёл в партизаны…

The Russian Internet community didn't believe much of the official information about the detention of the gang. LJ user golishev posted a collection of posts [RUS] from one of the Primorye discussion boards. Below is [RUS] the reaction of local forum users to the official media report claiming that two gang members committed a suicide during the police assault:

Больше похоже на убийство!
Девушке Андрея Сухорада в момент, когда начался штурм, позвонил Александр Ковтун и сказал, что Андрея убили. Якобы он вышел с поднятыми руками, и по нему открыли огонь. Девушка, рыдая, сказала, что никто не предлагал членам банды сдаться, хотя у каждого из них есть мобильный и они на связи. !

а почему родителей не привезли на переговоры, чтоб без стрельбы и шума?
как то все безграмотно, с террористами по два дня переговоры ведут, а тут…

In the overwhelming stream of often contradictory information, some bloggers were trying to sort out all the facts and clarify what exactly happened. LJ user eurotat created a timeline of all the “partisan”-related events and put them on a map, discovering many inconsistencies in the official information. He wrote:

A map of crimes committed by the "Primorye partisans" - by LJ user eurotat

Каковы мотивы нападать на милиционеров из других районов, а не из своего (где творящийся милицейский беспредел, казалось бы, непосредственно касался участников отряда)? …Пусть есть мент-злодей, который тебе серьезно насолил, и никакой управы на него нет. Не вытерпел, решил взять отомстить. И что, попрешься за 175 км в другой город и убьешь первого попавшегося милиционера? Это уже не месть и партизанская война … Это маразм.
Впрочем, нас и пытаются убедить в том, что эти ребята отморозки и действовали чисто из ненависти к милиции как таковой. А ненавидят они милиционеров потому, что националисты-экстремисты…

LJ user eurotat doubts whether the suspects really committed the crimes they were accused of. He concluded:

Итак, как видно, история крайне запутанная. Возможно, разные происшествия с разными мотивами в разных местах с участием разных групп лиц хотят склеить в одну версию… Не исключено, что ребятам стало известно, что им хотят понавесить за какие-нибудь мелочи “всего и вся” плюс убийство Кеннеди, поэтому и подались в бега…

The gang has been arrested. But is this the end of the story or just the beginning of an armed civil unrest against law enforcers? Will Primorye guerrillas have their successors and followers? During the last two days, the Russian media reported new acts of violence against the police in other regions of Russia. Many would believe that this means that the Primorye partisans' story is not over…

The case of the ‘Primorye partizans' indicates several things. First of all, that Russian netizens in their majority considered crimes against the police officers as deeds of some kind of civic justice. Second, the lack of the details and the overall excitement expressed by some bloggers, multiplied by the number of comments on this case, shows how easily manipulated Russian blogs are.

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Initially, health care officials denied the fact that people were dying because of swine flu, saying that the deaths had been caused by an unknown infection, which led to pneumonia. But the thought of an “unknown infection” scared the public even more. Later on, officials admitted that there was an H1N1 epidemic starting in Ukraine. The result? People rushed to drug stores and soon after pharmacies were out of stock of face masks, vitamins and immunity-boosting supplements.

Inconsistency in health officials’ reports, plus a lack of information, created many rumors and much gossip. And Ukrainian politicians saw the epidemic as another opportunity to appear on TV and boost their image. Major TV channels ran 5-hour talk shows focused on the flu that were filled with politicians, many of which featured not a single person with a medical education.

In this environment of “collective madness,” the Internet has served as a medium for unbiased information about the epidemic, as well as professional advice on what to do and how to protect yourself and your family from the virus.

A balanced professional analysis of the flu epidemic by Dr Komarovskyy, a well-known pediatrician with more than 30 years of professional experience, was posted on his personal Web blog. This was perhaps something people were waiting for, as the post was widely sent around and has appeared on popular forums and social networks. It was also republished by major Ukrainian Internet media such as Ukrayinska Pravda. In a few days, the post got about 900 comments from readers.

At the beginning of the post, Dr Komarovskyy explains what forced him to turn to the Internet to tell the truth about the flu. He says:

I had planned to write about the flu in a few days, after I'd received adequate and objective information. But then, I received a phone call from my fellow nurse…Her boss had ordered her to bring three face masks the next day. When she asked where she could find the masks [drug stores were out of stock], the boss gave a response that reflects the Ukrainian reality “The night is long, so you can sew them.” This was the last straw for me, I realized that I cannot stay silent anymore, I need to talk.

In fact, on Friday and Saturday the only thing I did was talk. My cell phone registered about 850 phone calls on these days. I responded to questions, calmed people down, explained things…I understood that if my friends and patients (people with theoretical and practical knowledge in the treatment of viruses) were in panic, the general situation was a total disaster.

On Friday I talked to one of the managers of a TV channel from Kharkiv. I found out that there was not a single chance to talk to the people of the city. All the air time was filled with politicians. At night there was a Savik Shuster political talk-show focused on the flu epidemic. Perhaps, for me it was one of the biggest shocks of the last few years. I do not remember myself being so much ashamed of my country…On Saturday, naïve me called Kiev. I said that I am ready to come, that I am ashamed, that we need to calm people down, that what is going on is a national shame… People tried to help but were not able to. For me it is clear. The flu and elections are not compatible, like the flu and Aspirin – it might cause many side effects.

A significant part of Dr. Komarovskyy's post was devoted to medical aspects of the flu. He professionally summarized facts about the ways it is transmitted, its symptoms and treatment. With a good sense of humor he went through the common misconceptions about treatment of the flu. In addition, Dr. Komarovskyy gave tips on how to prevent the flu.

In the next part of the post Dr. Komarovskyy shared his opinion concerning the hysteria surrounding the flu, the irresponsible appeals of politicians and the errors of public health officials. He pointed out:

During the first two days of the hysteria, the main advisers and teachers for the nation were politicians – parliament members, ministers, former ministers, etc. When a doctor appeared on TV, it just so happened that the politicians could talk better…The highest point of the panic was after a claim by a presidential candidate (!) that the deaths of Ukrainians were being caused not by a flu, but by a pneumonia-inducing plague. I want to highlight, this was not said by an old lady selling sunflower seeds at the market, but by a presidential candidate of a European country.

Another presidential candidate complained that drug stores did not have enough Oxolin ointment in stock [which in Ukraine is believed to be effective in prevention of the flu] and blamed this on “criminal pharmacists.” For some reason, nobody was able to explain to the candidate that the effectiveness of this ointment is not clinically proven and has never been used in the USA or France or any other country.

OK, there are no doctors among the presidential candidates and perhaps they cannot afford a public health adviser. But a few of our politicians have a medical degree! One of them mixed up Theraflu with Tamiflu [the only medication proven to be effective against H1N1]. The other one did not see any difference between regular and viral pneumonia…But when I heard a doctor – a Parliament member and a secretary of the Parliament's Public Health Committee - say that Tamiflu is just an immunity booster and that at a meeting of National Security Council they decided to purchase Oseltamyvir instead I became really scared and ashamed. When major public health decisions in this country are being made by people who do not know that Tamiflu and Oseltamyvir are two names for one medication – what can we expect? …Thus, we should not be surprised by the fact that the government is purchasing medication that are not used anywhere in the world.

My advice to the government: Ask WHO [World Health Organization] experts to provide you with a list of required medications.

Dr Komarovskyy finished his post with a general assessment of the flu situation in Ukraine:

If we double the number of people sick with the swine flu (since no more than half the people with the flu go to a doctor) and compare it with other death rates, we will see that the death rate is even lower than with the regular flu. Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in every country at any time. Pneumonia often accompanies many other diseases and traumas. If each case of pneumonia was reported by the media, nothing good will happen.

We are unlucky to have these together: the [economic] crisis, the elections, the fall season and the flu. But we know for sure that sniffing, coughing and a high body temperature is influenza [the flu], a common disease that is relatively easy to treat. It requires self control and certain actions, which everybody can afford.

Written by Maryna Reshetnyak · comments (3)
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It is much easier to find bloggers in the Russian-speaking blogosphere who do not support mass immunization than authors who support it. You can find arguments about the ineffectiveness of vaccination in many blogs. These arguments are very well summarized in the blog of helien_ln blog (RUS):

Production of vaccines is the most profitable part of the pharmaceutical business. A part of earned profits are directed to funding so-called “scientific research,” which just has to “prove” that the vaccine is effective and safe.

Vaccines are poisons. They include aluminum, and other toxins …

Vaccines are often based on animal cells and might contain viruses …

The introduction of vaccines in mass usage during the last two centuries has been associated with threatening, scary effects, and the omission of some facts and falsified statistics.

There is no evidence that it was immunization which helped humanity fight some of the infectious diseases. There are statistical data which show that the spreading of diseases such as TB, malaria, pox had decreased dramatically before mass immunization was introduced. This happened due to the improvement of sanitary and hygienic conditions, like better veterinary and food control, chlorination of water, etc.

Annually immunization could be a reason for the death and bad health of thousands of children all over the world. It ruins the immune system of a baby.

Immunization reflects only traditional approaches to understanding infectious diseases, which is not the only possible approach.

Mass immunization totally ignores the individual characteristics of a person, the state of their immune system, and other individual features of a human being.

If a vaccine is a cause of death or injury, medical authorities will obviously do everything to prove that this happened not because of immunization.

Blogger Irena Slavina is one of the few supporters of immunization in the Russian-speaking blog community. One of the reasons she thinks immunization is a good choice for her baby is because of the reputation of pharmaceutical companies. She says (RUS):

Can you imagine all the procedures that a new vaccine has to go through before it will be approved for mass immunization? These is pre-licensing, post-licensing, the monitoring of side effects, government drug certification…

I think that none of the big pharmaceutical companies are interested in a bad reputation of its product. Companies are very concerned about the quality of their products, otherwise they will go bankrupt. If a country chooses vaccine A for mass diphtheria immunization and the next year a country faces a diphtheria epidemic, then this pharmaceutical company would face very serious problems. Nobody likes problems.

She goes on to talk about how, though vaccines are poisons, they can still be beneficial:

Antibiotics are also very harmful for our health but at the same time they help save millions of lives. Often poisons under certain conditions may actually heal the disease… I believe that I have made the least dangerous choice for my child, but you are free to make any other choice. I believe in the accomplishments of modern medicine, but you have a right not to trust any doctors or drugs. But to reject blindly the entire benefits of immunization based just on popular Internet articles sounds really silly for me.

Finally, Irena Slavina points out that vaccines were not created to kill babies, but rather to help them:

I am sure that whoever started mass immunizations a hundred years ago were not unprofessional people and they were not more stupid than me. They did not have any intentions to kill babies. The immunization schedules were developed based on the most dangerous time periods in the life of children. Just think about how many years of medical studies were devoted to developing the immunization schedule and enforcing them all over the country. Just think about the required experience, knowledge, sharing of data… After all this, I, who had just read a few Internet articles, cannot say that immunization is bad as I know better what my child needs.

Written by Maryna Reshetnyak · comments (0)
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