


14th São Paulo's Immigrant Festival, in June 2009. Photo by Rita Barreto, published with permission.
Historically, Brazil has been a landing point for many nationalities, an openness that has given the country the diverse and multicultural character that has made it a true melting pot. Whereas in the past immigration was a government backed solution to populate the vast lands of the South American giant, in recent years the trend is the arrival of immigrants, mostly illegally living in Brazil, from neighboring countries, notably Paraguay, Peru and increasingly Bolivia, due to economic and political reasons. There is also a strong flow of people coming from China, in search of work opportunities.
From Bolivia alone, it is believed that between 1,200 and 1,500 immigrants arrive in Brazil every month, looking for jobs and ending up as illegal workers. There are an estimated 200,000 Bolivians living in the Greater São Paulo area, most of whom are undocumented. This is, however, soon to change. A new Law of Migration Amnesty has been sanctioned by President Lula da Silva, allowing foreigners in irregular situations to apply for temporary residence permits and ultimately gain legal status in Brazil. This will benefit anyone who arrived prior to February 1st 2009 – either entering the country illegally or overstaying their visas – who will now be guaranteed rights to freedom of movement and work, in addition to access to public health care, education and justice services.
According to the Ministry of Justice, roughly 50,000 people may take advantage from the law, but international organizations believe there are an estimated 200,000 qualifying immigrants. If even a quarter of this number take advantage of the new law, this will be the largest amnesty ever seen in Brazil. The hope is that the amnesty will change the fortunes of those working in sweatshops that cash in on illegal immigrants for example – a crude reality in São Paulo.

Immigrants from the Andes in São Paulo. Photo by Thiago Macedo taken on April 2009, used with permission.
The ultimate goal is to gain compassion for Brazilian immigrants living illegally abroad: more Brazilians leave the country than the thousands of immigrants arriving in Brazil, according to the Ministry of Justice. At the recent G8 summit in Italy, President Lula, who is also campaigning for the upgrade and “humanizing” of Brazil’s 1980 immigration statute, criticized rich nations for taking a tough stance against illegal migrants and called for international solidarity. Can Brazil teach other countries about the need to better treat immigrants? Ariel Pontes [pt] believes Brazil is teaching the world a lesson:
Enquanto Estados Unidos criam leis e muro entre seu território e do México para impedir estrangeiros de entrar em seu país e Israel isola comunidade palestina, presidente Lula dá ao mundo demonstração de que é possível vivermos em tempos modernos a multicultura.
Fernando Branquinho [pt] elaborates further:
Em época de crise, onde as oportunidades de trabalho e negócios minguam, a mesquinhez humana aguça preconceitos numa “ética de bote salva-vidas”, onde a regra é: eu me salvo, você, não! É o caldo cultural onde os fascismos prosperam, e a história nos mostra que o ápice da direita como ideologia aconteceu após a 1a grande guerra, reforçado pela crise do capitalismo de 1929. Hoje na Europa o tema que tem elegido direitistas a cada urna aberta é a restrição a estrangeiros. A França tem cotas de expulsão mensais. A Itália incentiva a deduragem de estrangeiros com a aprovação de uma nova lei que criminaliza a imigração ilegal.
No Brasil, temos uma elite tão retrógrada quanto a que deu o golpe agora em Honduras, e que se manifesta no cotidiano espumando seu ódio ao “iletrado” presidente Lula, às cotas das políticas de afirmação racial e às transferências governamentais como o bolsa-família, Prouni, etc. E temos um governo que, apesar do grande defeito de não ter avançado mais nas conquistas sociais e de ter sucumbido aos defeitos da política tradicional, acaba de sancionar a anistia a cerca de 50 mil imigrantes ilegais que se encontravam no país até fevereiro de 2009, humanizando o problema migratório. Na contra-mão da discriminação, o Brasil se mostra como país acolhedor de imigrantes, dando exemplo ao mundo.
In Brazil, we have a retrograde elite such as the one who executed the recent coup d'état in Honduras, and who go about in their daily life foaming hatred against “illiterate” President Lula, against the policies of quotas for racial affirmation and government benefits such as the Family Grant, the [University for All Program] PROUNI, etc. And despite the fact that we have a government whose greatest mistakes were not having achieved more social development and having succumbed to the problems of traditional politics, it has just signed an amnesty for about 50,000 illegal immigrants who entered the country no later than February 2009, humanizing the immigration problem. Instead of discriminating against them, Brazil appears to be a welcoming country to immigrants, setting an example to the world.

14th São Paulo's Immigrant Festival, in June 2009. Photo by Rita Barreto, published with permission.
On the other hand, pointing out that there have been past migration amnesties in Brazil, in both 1988 and 1998, with some 60,000 people benefiting from the last one alone, Vitor Vieira [pt] reacts sarcastically to the news of yet another amnesty:
Estrangeiros de todas as latitudes, podem vir para o Brasil e podem ficar clandestinamente aqui, porque em poucos anos será feita outra lei legalizando todo mundo. O Brasil é a mãe do mundo. Membros da Yakuza, podem entrar à vontade. Membros da máfia russa, podem chegar.
Maria B [pt] is not happy either:
Que país de mierda.Enquanto a Itália torna crime a imigração ilegal, Lula, o bom transforma o Brasil na casa da Mãe Joana.Estou sendo polida.
Até hoje Lula só prestigiou o que não presta.Vamos aguardar o dia que vai privilegiar o que presta…sentados, por favor
Leonardo Sakamoto [pt], a blogger who follows immigration and modern day slavery matters very closely, agrees that the law is a great step in the right direction, but he stresses that it far from solves the problem:
A notícia é ótima, mas os problemas para os imigrantes ilegais não serão resolvidos de um dia para noite. Primeiro, porque o valor não é tão baixo em se tratando de famílias pobres com muitos membros: por exemplo, cinco pessoas terão que desembolsar R$ 490,00 – o que não é pouca coisa para quem já não ganha quase nada. Além disso, para obter o registro definitivo, o estrangeiro terá que, entre outras coisas, comprovar que está trabalhando. Considerando que muitos estão na informalidade – como uma parte considerável do resto da população brasileira – quais serão os documentos exigidos? Contracheque fantasma de oficina de costura ilegal?
É um primeiro passo, mas o ideal seria atingir algo mais profundo, que mude também a forma como vemos a América do Sul e como a “Sudamerica” nos vê.
Os preços baixos de roupas em ruas de comércio paulistanas como a José Paulino ou a Oriente, que tanto atraem os consumidores do varejo e do atacado, muitas vezes são obtidos através da redução dos custos no processo de produção. A maior parte dos funcionários utilizados na confecção dessas roupas é composta por imigrantes latino-americanos em situação ilegal no Brasil. Bolivianos, paraguaios, peruanos, chilenos formam um verdadeiro exército de mão-de-obra barata e abundante em São Paulo. Saem de seus países de origem em busca de uma vida melhor em solo brasileiro, fugindo da miséria. Das comunidades latino-americanas na capital paulista, os bolivianos destacam-se por constituir a mais numerosa. Além disso, encontram-se nas situações mais graves de exploração e degradação do trabalho humano.
It is a first step, but it would be ideal to achieve something deeper, which would also change the way we see South America and “Sudamerica” sees us.
The low prices of the clothes sold on the São Paulo streets José Paulino or Oriente, which both attract retail and wholesale customers, are often possible because of the reduction of the production costs. Most employees working in the manufacture of clothing are Latin American immigrants in illegal situations in Brazil. Bolivians, Paraguayans, Peruvians, Chileans make a real army of abundant, cheap labor in Sao Paulo. They leave their home countries in search of a better life on Brazilian land, fleeing poverty. Among the Latin American communities in São Paulo, Bolivians stand out as the largest. Furthermore, they are in the most serious situations of exploitation and degradation of human labor.
The blogger carries on explaining that many of these workshops operate illegally in hidden basements, without fresh air or daylight in order not to raise suspicion. The noise of machinery is suffocated by loud Bolivian music and ‘employees' are locked inside facing walls, unable to see or talk to other, to avoid mobilization and demands for better working conditions. Because of their illegal situation, they earn unlawfully low wages and are kept in constant fear of being out of work, and in some cases, their employers even keep all their documents, so that the workers have no other choice. At the end of his long, lucid and comprehensive post, Sakamoto [pt] takes the opportunity to ask: “after all, what is it really to be a Brazilian?”
A história de nosso país é uma história de migrações, de acolher gente de todos os cantos do mundo (não tão bem, é claro - São Paulo, por exemplo, é a maior cidade nordestina fora do Nordeste e, ao mesmo tempo, ostentamos um preconceito raivoso e irracional). Mas não faz sentido que viremos às costas aos que vêm de fora e adotam o Brasil, mesmo que a contragosto. Eles são tão brasileiros quanto eu e você, trabalham pelo desenvolvimento do país, mas normalmente passam invisíveis aos olhos da administração pública e do resto de nós.

Centenary of Japanese immigration in Brazil. A photo by emersonik, published under a Creative Commons License.
Immigrants who succesfully apply for a residence permit will have all the rights of Brazilian citizens, only remaining forbidden from voting and joining the army. The request for temporary residency should be filed within 180 days from the publication of this new Law, and the applications must be directed to the Ministry of Justice.
15, July, the President of Kyrgyzstan Kurmanbek Bakiev gave interview to the American New York Times.
During the interview, he told [ru] that Kyrgyzstan was going to set up the anti-terrorist centre at the south region of Kyrgyzstan.
The representatives of the Kyrgyz and the Russian Ministries of Defence are exploring the question of the opening of the anti-terrorist centre at one of the southern regions of Kyrgyzstan to reinforce the anti-terrorist activity. We could hold joint anti-terrorist trainings of the Kyrgyz and Russian military, Kurmanbek Bakiev said.
In the beginning of July the delegation of the Russian government with the Russian vice-premier Igor Sechin visited Kyrgyzstan. As it was found out later, the Russian delegation discussed the possibility of the extension of the Russian military forces in Kyrgyzstan and the possible opening of the second Russian military base at the south region of Kyrgyzstan during the private talks.
The President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev neither confirmed nor denied the information that Russia supposedly had the negotiations to Kyrgyzstan to set up the second military base for the CSTO forces.

Disagreements between bloggers and their readers may often take place within the comments section, and can continue in the form of debate and discussion. However, for some Peruvian bloggers, some of their views motivated some to take actions to silence these differing opinions. The blogger Carlos Quiróz, also known as Peruanista [es] had his YouTube channel erased due to waves of complaints by a group who disagreed with him. In addition, Francisco Canaza of Apuntes Peruanos [es] was on the receiving end of a hacking attack that left his blog offline for days.
Many are asking what did these bloggers do to deserve these types of attacks? Do their opinions on uncomfortable topics make them a target by those who disagree? Is that a valid reason for these types of attacks?
Carlos Quiróz of Peruanista [es] wonders why his YouTube accounts were suspended, where he lost hundreds of videos that took two years of work.
¿Qué podría motivar este abuso? Acaso ha sido el último video que subí con Cynthia McKinney enviando un mensaje de solidaridad a los pueblos indígenas y afro descendientes de las Americas. … Podrían ser los videos donde denuncio y expongo en detalle acerca del genocidio de Bagua en la selva peruana … Acaso fueron los videos donde yo he protestado contra el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre EEUU y Perú …
Afortunadamente tengo todos mis videos archivados y los voy a subir en otro website de videos. A lo mejor debería mover mis blogs también, porque Google -dueños de Youtube- tambien es dueño de Blogger. Un ejemplo más del abuso que uno se expone frente a los monopolios de las corporaciones privadas.
What could have caused this abusive action? Perhaps it was the last video that I uploaded of Cynthia McKinney sending a message of solidarity to the indigenous peoples and African descendants in the Americas. … Could it be the videos where I denounced and provided details about the genocide in Bagua located in the Peruvian jungle … Perhaps it was the videos where I protested against the Free Trade Agreement between U.S. and Peru …
Fortunately I have archived all my videos and I will upload videos on another website. Maybe I should move my blog too, because Google, which is also the owner of YouTube, also owns Blogger. This is an example of an abuse that is exposed against the monopolies of private corporations.
The controversial nature of some of the subject matter attracts many who disagree. Kisha explains how many of these critics band together to launch waves of “complaints” against a channel [es] even if it may not be in violation of the terms and conditions of YouTube. However, due to the large volume of complaints, these channels are often suspended or erased. Regardless of any disagreements with the opinions of bloggers like Quiroz, Isabel Guerra of Las Burbujas Recargadas [es] writes that the actions of these critics are unacceptable:
Es público; no es ningún secreto que Peruanista (Carlos Quiroz) y yo hemos discrepado muchas veces y que yo más de una vez le he dicho que no exagere y etc. … Por muchas discrepancias y pleitos que se puedan tener con alguien, hacer que le cierren la cuenta, la verdad, es una señal muy peligrosa.
Apuntes Peruanos [es], the blog of Francisco Canaza was hacked. While his blog is being repaired, he set up an “emergency” blog called En el Exilio [es] (In Exile), where he provides details of the sequence of events that led to the hacked site.
Apuntes Peruanos sufrió un ataque mayor y quedó fuera de línea por casi 9 horas. Como lo comenté, fue el segundo ataque en lo que va de la semana, y este sí comprometió a todo el site. El resumen es que varios archivos esenciales del Wordpress fueron comprometidos, editados a discreción del atacante. Aún falta mucho para saber qué pasó y en qué dimensión. Hemos guardado copia de varios archivos y scripts php para luego analizarlos. He recibido muchas muestras de apoyo, por diversos medios y por personas que ni siquiera me conocen. No me queda más que agradecerlos a todos.
Ernesto of Física3 [es] also agrees that this type of negative behavior should not be tolerated:
Si, es cierto en la blogosfera no todos pueden estar de acuerdo, pero cuando tu irracionalidad te lleva al querer silenciar a la otra voz, no te diferencias mucho de la dictadura china, … la verdad es que no la veíamos venir pero luego de leer este comentario en el blog de Gran Combo, uno no puede sino pensar que esto no es aislado.
Yes, it is true that not everyone can agree in the blogosphere, but when your irrationality leads you to want to silence other voices, you are no different than the Chinese dictatorship, …. the truth is that we did not see this coming, but after reading a comment in the Gran Combo blog, one cannot help but think that this is not an isolated incident.
It has become evident that independent bloggers have drawn the ire of others with different interests and intolerant attitudes. Perhaps even more important than finding out who is behind these attacks is that many bloggers continue to use increased security methods. However, some bloggers like Luis Aguirre of Bloodyhell [es] describes how the Peruvian blogosphere cannot be looked at in the same way and it has become a cutthroat environment due to the economic interests at stake.
estamos en una coyuntura donde la blogósfera ya no pasa caleta ni piola como ejercicio de la libertad de expresión. Si alguien como (el presidente) García pide que desde internet se realice una ofensiva contra lo que él considera “desinformación” entonces es de esperar que oficialismo y oposición, propaganda y periodismo, comiencen a confundirse en una pelea post a post o tuit a tuit. Más aún con elecciones encima, las municipales y las presidenciales. Hace rato que la blogósfera dejó de ser inocente.
la miseria de la red: si hasta el momento los grandes cerebros mundiales no saben cómo hacer rentable en ella la creación de contenido e información, en el Perú la mermelada como paradigma cultural ha convertido ese hermafroditismo de encarte publicitario y opinión personal la única norma económicamente viable en webs, blogs y tuits. Una lástima. Porque las presiones comerciales se transforman en presiones por salvaguardar intereses -la quincena, hombre- y, en última instancia, por silenciar otros blogs, comentarios u opiniones incómodos.
We are in a situation where the blogosphere no longer goes unnoticed in exercise of freedom of expression. If someone like (President) García calls via the internet for a crackdown against what he considers “misinformation,” then it can only be expected that the government and opposition, propaganda and journalism, begin to confuse themselves in a fight, post for post or tweet for tweet. Even more, with municipal and presidential elections coming soon. For some time now, the blogosphere is no longer innocent.
The misery of the internet: if until now, the world's greatest minds do not know how to make the creation of content and information profitable, then in Peru, money as a cultural paradigm has become that hermaphroditism of insert advertisement and personal opinion as the only economic viable way on websites, blogs and tweets. What a shame. Because the commercial pressures have become pressures to safeguard interests - salaries - and ultimately, to silence other blogs.
The Bahraini Nationalist is pleased that Bahrain's Crown Prince has written an op-ed in the Washington Post asking Arabs to talk to the people of Israel: “Shaikh Salman is trying to tell Arabs that Israel is a reality and won’t disappear. Learn to live with it!!” Yet a Facebook group has already started called “Bahrainis against the Crown Prince's call for normalization with the Zionist enemy“.
At the Moments of Gaza blog, Professor Abdelwahed writes about a couple taking their children out of Gaza for the first time in 13 years, and discovering that they were terrified to fly: “Their persistent question was on their situation if the airplane bombed somewhere and killed innocent people like what it did in Gaza during the war!”
Russian Blog does a follow up on the Russian writer and Gulag prisoner Varlam Shalamov, visiting sites of his incarceration in the Ural and posting pictures to illustrate the story
In the midst of the Russophobia-Russophilia debate, LJ user drugoi raises the issue [RUS] of whether Russians are Americanophobes or Americanophiles.
Mandy Van Deven's post in The WIP analyses family dynamics and its impact on domestic violence in the context of Deepa Mehta's film ‘Heaven on Earth'.
The new date for Kelele 2009 (first conference for African bloggers) has been announced: “We are now pleased to announce that the inaugural Kelele, Bloggers Conference will take place in Nairobi from 29th October– 1st November, 2009.”
A podcast from African Online Digital Library about challenges and possibilities for African language study in America.