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June 6th, 2009

   

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Air Bus AF 447: Sorrow, lack of information and sensationalism

The French airbus that vanished from radar on Sunday on its way from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, France, has caused much grieving, question marks and, of course, media speculation. Air France flight number AF 447 took off from Brazil on Sunday 31th of May with 216 passengers and 12 crew members and was expected to arrive at its destination the next day. It never arrived.

Picture by Mysid (Wikiedia Commons author), used under a public domain license.

Picture by Mysid (Wikiedia Commons author), used under a public domain license.

Authorities say 58 Brazilians were killed in the crash. But on some Brazilian blogs, the debate is about the media coverage of the disaster. For Leite de Cobra [pt], the way in which the non-arrival of the airbus and supposed disaster has been treated is outrageous:

Acho perverso isso da imprensa ficar divulgando fatos e particulares da vida das vítimas do desastre aéreo. Não têm o mínimo respeito e nem disfarçam o desejo de que a dor renda, em escala nacional, o máximo possível, até que venha a próxima catástrofe, o próximo escândalo. Ô corja! Por isso que não acompanho mais nada desse triste episódio. Pra mim deu

I think the media is perverse when releasing news and private information about the disaster victims' lives. They don’t have the least respect for the victims and they don’t even conceal their desire that the pain lasts, in national proportions, as long as possible, until the next catastrophe, the next scandal, arrives. Oh vultures! That’s why I won’t follow anything else about this case. I've had enough!

According to bloggers, the problem is that the media always wants to report something and prove it right, come what may - creating theories and enhancing sensationalism. Camerini, from blog Transbrasil [pt], states:

Os experts de plantão já estão desfilando as baboseiras nas Tvs.

Falam e falam sobre o que ainda não passa de especulações, até Raios são culpados pela queda do AirBus da Air France !

É prematuro qualquer indicação sobre o acidente até que as equipes consigam, primeiro localizar os destroços do avião, depois a Caixa Preta, com o Data Recorder e o Voice Recorder, mas, como dá audiência levar para a Tv um bando de especialistas natos em acidentes aéreos, o que se pode fazer!

Ouvir um Chamar o avião da Air France de Boeing A 330, outro dizer que o Atlântico é o lugar mais seguro do sistema solar , depois outro que afirma categoricamente que um raio derrubou o avião!

A Verdade é que ninguém sabe ainda o que aconteceu, aonde aconteceu e como aconteceu, mas muitos especialistas deveriam saber que um acidente aéreo não ocorre apenas por uma só causa, e sim por mais fatores que desencadeam um acidente

The round the clock experts have already been talking a lot of rubbish on TV.

They have talked and talked about things that are just speculation. Even lightning has been blamed for the Air France plane crashing!

It’s too early to indicate anything about the accident until the rescue groups can first find the aircraft debris, and the black-box, with the data and voice recorders. But as bringing a bunch of naturally-born-specialists to TV attracts a large audience, what can be done!

I have heard one of them calling the Air France aircraft a Boeing A330, another one saying that the Atlantic Ocean is the safest place in the solar system, and then, another one emphatically affirming that lightning knocked the aircraft down!

The truth is that nobody knows what has happened, where it has happened and how it has happened, but many specialists should know that an air accident doesn’t happen for just one reason, but because of a series of factors which cause an accident.

For Eu, Você e Todo Mundo [pt], the desperate search for specialists is also a problem:

Gente, que absurdo!

Eu como jornalista fico indignada mesmooo!!! Aqui no Futura recebemos o e-mail de uma assessoria de Campinas falando de uma terapeuta holística que analisou a catástrofe desse acidente pela numerologia, tarô. Enfim, de acordo com o texto dela que vou colocar abaixo, essa catástrofe é efeito da conjunção de uma série de números ruins, energias negativas… pra mim é demais querer explorar uma tragédia como essa dessa maneira. Que vergonha… e ainda dos jornalistas que se propõem a divulgar isso! Vejam o absurdo:

Detalhe: não estou julgando a numerologia, mas o uso que está se fazendo dela nesse caso!

Guys, how absurd! As a journalist myself, I do indeed feel outraged!!! Here on the Futura channel we have received an e-mail from a PR office located in Campinas, in which a holistic therapist analyzed this catastrophe using numerology and taro. Anyway, according to that press release, the catastrophe is the result of a conjunction of factors such as bad numbers, bad feelings… I think it is just too much to explore such a tragedy in this way. What a shame…. Also shame on the journalists, who publish it! See absurd: I’m not judging the numerologist, but the way she has been used in this case.

With a very controversial comment which raises the much discussed issue that some disasters are considered more important and newsworthy than others according to the social class of those involved, Bruno Nepumoceno [pt] reached the following conclusion, after talking to people at work:

Fui dar minha opinião sobre o assunto e nego ficou me criticando, dizendo que eu não tenho coração, que eu sou insensível e coisas do tipo. A vontade que deu e de dizer: VOCÊS QUE SÃO BURROS OS SUFICIENTE PARA NÃO ENXERGAR QUE O JORNALISMO GANHA DINHEIRO EXPLORANDO A DESGRAÇA ALHEIA! Se fosse um ônibus cheio de nordestinos com a mesma quantidade de pessoas, o caso já teria caido no esquecimento.
Centenas morrem de fome no nordeste Brasileiro. O que é um aviãozinho cair?

I spoke my mind about the subject and the guys criticized me, saying that I am heartless, that I have no feelings for such news as this. In fact, what I wanted to say is the following: YOU ALL ARE STUPID ENOUGH NOT TO REALISE THAT THE MEDIA MAKES MONEY BY EXPLOITING OTHER PEOPLE'S MISFORTUNE! If it was a bus full of people from northeast [of Brazil], the case would have been forgotten. Thousands of people die of hunger on the African Continent. Hundreds die of hunger in the Brazilian Northeast. What is the big deal with a little aircraft crashing?
Photo by Flickr user Caribb published under a Creative Commons license

Photo of an Air France A330 by Flickr user Caribb published under a Creative Commons license

Nevertheless, there is an intense wave of grief and shock around the world, and naturally Brazilian bloggers are not the only ones discussing the accident online. From Kuwait, the blogger ZDistrict summed up his feelings.

228 people from Brazil to France on an Air France flight has vanished over the Atlantic after flying into turbulence. I haven’t seen a tragedy such as this in a long time, a flight of this type crashing in the middle of the Atlantic.

Charles, a commenter on ZDistrict has this to say:

Fear, helpless, horrific moment - it brings tears and heart ache to hear anyone enduring that final moment. Really hope they were all asleep during all that moments. Its over now, their faith bring them to where they belong.

Commenter Another Me states:

i’m so sad for the families. i fly frequently and can’t imagine what the passengers must have felt, not to mention the families. i also have an infant and that just breaks my heart to think of that innocent little baby, unaware of what’s happening. in my opinion, the governing international aviation athority (whoever that is) needs to restrict pilots from flying through or above thunderstorms, and require that they fly around all storms. those storms can reach upward of 50,000 ft; trying to fly above is just too risky.

Many times, air tragedies occurring over the Atlantic Ocean have been associated with the Bermuda Triangle, which is located north of Brazil, between Florida (USA), Puerto Rico and Bermuda. Still from Kuwait, Twitter user @2Twenty3 suggests that the “Bermuda triangle needs investigating”.

Cynthia Drescher, blogging at the Britannica Blog, says that the lack of information regarding the disaster will bring out conspiracy theorists, and many have alredy tried to link the crash with the Bermuda Triangle.

…[T]he skeptics would like to heighten the drama by associating the Bermuda Triangle with this recent mystery. What’s next — asserting that the Triangle is now some sort of giant trapezoid? Perhaps the mysterious area got bored with hanging out off the US coast and decided to journey to Brazil for some caipirinhas?
Although authorities haven’t yet confirmed that the floating seats are indeed from the missing Air France jet, it’s pretty easy to see on the map above that for once, this possible tragedy has nothing to do with aliens or electromagnetic fields or the ghost of Amelia Earhart. It does, however, have everything to do with freak accidents and airplane safety.

Not forgetting the Bermuda Triangle effect, Polish blog Tierra Incognita [pl], wonders what has happened, affirming that despite the  catastrophe of the disappearance, he stills loves flying:

Uwielbiam latać samolotem. Podróż lotnicza nie wywołuje u mnie żadnego stresu, wręcz przeciwnie – działa uspokajająco i relaksująco. W chwili gdy maszyna odrywa się od ziemi wpadam w specyficzny błogostan, mam wrażenie że wszystkie moje problemy i zmartwienia pozostały tam na dole. Świadomość, że przez najbliższe kilka godzin podróży będę w zupełnie innym wymiarze, gdzie w sumie nic ode mnie nie zależy, sprawia mi wielką frajdę. Jak dziecko, godzinami mogę gapić się przez okienko, nawet jeśli to czarna noc i widać tylko gwiazdy.

Zastanawiam się dlaczego ten właśnie wypadek aż tak bardzo wlazł mi pod skórę? Złożyło się na to pewnie kilka czynników – Air France jest jednym z moich ulubionych przewoźników, dosłownie kilkanaście dni temu odprowadzałem bliską przyjaciółkę na samolot lecący z Caracas do Paryża, a ja sam też na trasie Ameryka Południowa – Europa latam dość często. No i jeszcze ta tajemniczość tej katastrofy – nie żadne „tradycyjne” kłopoty przy starcie, bądź lądowaniu, ale zaginięcie gdzieś na środku oceanu. Dobrze, że przynajmniej nie nad Trójkątem Bermudzkim…

Na szczęście nie sądzę aby ten wypadek zmienił mój stosunek do latania. Nadal się cieszę, że prawdopodobnie jeszcze w tym miesiącu będę musiał kilka razy wsiąść do samolotu. I wciąż mam nadzieję, że jeszcze w tym roku uda mi się dolecieć samolotem do Księżyca…

I love flying on air planes. The air travel is not stressful to me at all, on the contrary - it relaxes me and calms me down. The moment the machine stops touching earth I get into a specific state of peacefulness, I have a feeling that all my problems and troubles are left below. The thought of being stuck for the next few hours in a completely different dimention where nothing really depends on me, is really cool. Like a kid, I can stare through the window for hours, even if its nighttime and all I can see is stars. I wonder why exactly this accident touched me so deeply? Probably there are a few reasons - Air France is one of my favourite companies, just a few days ago I walked my close friend for a flight from Caracas to Paris, and I myself very often travel on the line South America - Europe. And the whole mystery surrounding this catastrophe – not the ‘usual' problems with take off or landing, but disappearance somewhere in the middle of the ocean. Good job it didn't happen over the Bermuda Triangle… Luckily I do not think that this accident will change my attitude towards flying. I am still happy that I will most probably have to sit  on a plane a few times this month. And I hope that this month too I will be able to catch the plane to the Moon.

Discussions and rumours have begun to focus not only on the strange weather patterns in the part of the Atlantic where the plane went down, but also on the computer systems on the Airbus A330-203. Specifically, some are investigating the coincidences between the Air France flight and an October 2008 Quantas flight headed for Perth, Australia that dropped 200 meters in a matter of minutes, forcing the plane to make an emergency landing. Others argue this incident is not relevant to the recent disaster. From Plane Talking, written by Ben Sandilands at Crikey Blogs in Australia.

It has been reported by The Aviation Herald, an online Europe based journal of aviation incidents and news that the main body of electronic alerts begin with the disengagement of the autopilot and were followed by messages related to the ADIRU or air data and inertial reference units and the PRIM or flight control primary computer which is informed about speed, attitude and other material flight values by the ADIRUs.
Superficially this resembles the onset of the mid air upset that caused Qantas flight QF72 from Singapore to Perth to make an emergency landing in Learmonth last October.
The PRIM will in some flight modes intervene in the flight controls settings of the jet to inhibit pilot inputs which would exceed critical limits which could stall the airliner, or overload parts of the structure or control surfaces on the wings or rudder.
However these limitations can also be in turn locked out by the pilot.
Other reports indicate that these ‘unprecedented’ messages were concentrated in a four minute period, ending with a final advisory message about the vertical speed, that is, the rate at which the jet was falling rather than any speed with which it was also moving forwards.
Faulty ADIRU units in the Qantas A330-300 operating the flight that diverted to Learmonth remain a major focus of an unfinished air accident investigation by the ATSB. That investigation is also looking at other ADIRU related incidents on Qantas A330s.
However the Qantas ADIRU units were made by Northrop Grumman, while those in the Air France jet were made by Honeywell, They are two completely different designs, running totally different sets of programmed logic to serve the same ends.

Most of the passengers whose lives were claimed by the crash were French: there were 61 French passengers and 11 French crewmembers. Charles-guy de Kerimel, the writer of the aviation history blog Des avions et des hommes expresses his condolences [fr] to the passengers and the crew of the Airbus A330-203.

L’annonce de cet accident me remplit de tristesse.
Le plus grave accident d’Air France, nous dit-on.
Indépendamment du nombre de victimes, pour chacun de ceux qui sont concernés la gravité est extrême, pour la victime bien sûr, mais aussi pour les parents, les amis, les collègues : ils se trouvent brutalement confrontés à une perte irrémédiable. Je m’associe à leur peine. Je songe au personnel d’Air France ; en premier lieu aux navigants, comme leurs aînés ils vont poursuivre leur tâche.

The announcement of this accident fills me with sadness.
This is Air France’s most serious accident, we are told…
Regardless of the number of victims, for each of those involved it is extremely serious for the victim, but also for parents, friends, colleagues: they are suddenly faced with an irreparable loss. I feel their pain. I think of the staff of Air France; first of Airmen, their elders as they continue their work.
Eustaquio Santimano/Creative Commons

"In loving memory of 228 passengers and crew of flight AF 447" by Flickr user Eustaquio Santimano, published under a Creative Commons License

John Liebhardt, Sylwia Presley and Sarita Moreira have collaborated with this post

Malawi: Blogger wins BlogHer International Activist Award

We first wrote about her in a post that profiled four Malawian female bloggers, on November 4th, 2007. This time we write about her exclusively, and her recent achievement solely to do with her blog. Malawian blogger Pilirani Semu-Banda has won a scholarship award that will take her to the BlogHer ‘09 conference in Chicago, USA. The conference will be held July 24-25. Ms. Semu-Banda is one of 5 winners, with the other winners being Annie Zaidi (India), Cristina Quisbert (Bolivia), Toyin Ajao-Dawodu (Nigeria) and Esra'a El Shafei (Bahrain) (Ms. El Shafei is unable to attend this year due to another commitment).

Through her eponymously titled blog, Ms. Semu-Banda blogs with a purpose to “bring awareness and change to Malawi's social and economical problems,” according to a description from her nomination published in an announcement on the BlogHer website. The description goes on to say that Semu-Banda's writing has influenced development projects, citing “the improvement of monitoring programs to get rid of child labour in the tobacco industry”, and “an increase of treatment to women suffering from fistula,” as examples.

<em/>Pilirani Semu-Banda

Pilirani Semu-Banda

In her most recent blog post, Semu-Banda wrote about poverty as the key issue that was “uppermost” in the minds of most Malawians as they prepared to vote in Malawi's fourth multiparty presidential and parliamentary elections on May 19, 2009.

Semu-Banda is an award-winning journalist whose stories focus on marginalized groups and individuals, and on social problems including child labor and exploitation, inequality, and human rights abuses. In December 2008 she received an ‘Every Human Has Rights' Media Award, presented by Internews Europe, in France, for her story “Playing with Children's Lives: Big Tobacco in Malawi.” Attending the ceremony and presenting the awards to her and other winners were The Elders, who according to The Daily Times included former US president Jimmy Carter, former Irish President Mary Robinson, and former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Also receiving an award at the event was Malawian journalist Gabriel Kamlomo, of Zodiak Broadcasting Station (ZBS), for an investigative radio report he did on a clinic that accidentally transfused HIV-infected blood to a then 2-year old child, in May 2007. ZBS is so far the only Malawi-based radio station that transmits both on airwaves and on the Internet in real time.

Semu-Banda has previously won an Education Journalism Award, and has on two occasions been voted Malawi’s best female journalist. The BlogHer International Activist Scholarship award is the first known international award to be won by a Malawian blogger for a blog. At this year's BlogHer annual conference Semu-Banda will join fellow award winners on a panel titled “Leadership: The BlogHer ’09 International Activist BlogHer Scholarship Winners Share Their Work”, on Saturday July 25, 1.30-2.45pm. The BlogHer conference will be held at The Sheraton Chicago Hotel & Towers, in downtown Chicago.

The Selection Committee for the 2009 International Activist Scholarship comprised 7 judges, who included Georgia Popplewell, the Managing Director for Global Voices Online. The other judges were Denise Tanton, Elisa Camahort Page, Julie Ross Godar, Kim Pearson, Nelly Yusupova, and Jenifer Scharpen. The selection committee “were looking for sites that were, in fact, bloggy, and for those that had a specific activist intent.” And they have high hopes for what this award entails for other bloggers: “We are convinced that we can all learn practical advice about affecting social change via blog from our scholarship winners…and we can all walk away inspired by their courage, their perseverance, and their accomplishments!”

Japan: The curtain rises on the lay judge system

May 21st marked the first day in the introduction of the lay judge system in Japan, saiban'in seido (裁判員制度) in Japanese. The first trials in which the new system is to be applied will start in July and six citizens will be called upon to examine and judge criminal cases together with three professional district court judges.

(Former) Nagoya District Court. By Taro416.

(Former) Nagoya District Court. By Taro416.

The system is said to represent a step forward in the Japanese administration of justice and with it the country will be on the same level as the other G8 countries.

However, despite numerous attempts by the Ministry of Justice to make the people familiar with the system (through free videos available in the video rental shops or through cartoons like this [jp]), the majority of Japanese citizens seem to be perplexed and quite apprehensive about the consequences that being a judge may bring, as a recent survey by CNET Japan [ja] has reported.

The survey shows that 65.1% of the respondents (361 people in their 30s and 40s) declared themselves against the participation of common citizens in the judging process. Multiple reasons were given but the main ones were ‘I don't like judging others’ (52.8%), ‘I don't want to have trouble’ (44.3%) and ‘I have no confidence in my judgment’ (43.8%).

In this regard, the blogger Usagiinu explains the reasons for his disagreement.

裁判員制度の恐ろしいところは、秘密は絶対に口外してはならない点にあります。裁判員には一日一万円の手当を支給するから…というのは卑劣なやり方でしょう。
逆に言えば、検察官や弁護士、裁判官は秘密をブログに書くことはできても、裁判員は裁判が終わっても死ぬまで…いや、死んでも裁判の秘密を口外してはならないのである。

The scary part of the lay-judge system is the absolute confidentiality that must be observed. For this, lay judges will get a 10.000 Yen [about $100] allowance… but isn't this rather mean?
While police officers, lawyers and judges can write details in their blogs, lay judges, even when the trial is over, may not until their death…or even after, reveal secret details of a trial.

Further in the post, Usagiinu stresses two of the most worrying issues relevant to the introduction of the saiban'in seido. The influence of media and, consequently,the necessary changes which must occur in reporting of trials.

裁判員制度と直接は関係ないが、新型インフルエンザに関しても、観光客が関西地方を敬遠したり しています。正しい知識がないために、多くの日本人はテレビや週刊誌の報道を鵜呑みにしているため、このような事が起きている。
自白のみを証拠として採用する日本の刑事裁判に公正な裁判なんて期待なんてできない。アメリカの陪審員制度を真似たとも言われますが、実際はそんなものではないでしょう。日本は即刻、裁判員制度をやめるべきだと思います。

Perhaps it has no direct correlation with the lay judge system but in the Kansai region recently many tourists were persuaded to stay away because of exaggerated reporting of the recent swine influenza epidemic. This kind of thing happens because many Japanese, lacking correct information and knowledge, just accept whatever is reported through television or magazines.
So I cannot have any great expectation of justice from a Japanese trial which utilizes only confessions as evidence. Many say that Japan wanted to imitate the American jury system but is this really so? I think that Japan should abandon this new system immediately!

In the report mentioned above however it cannot be ignored that 34.1% of the total surveyed believe in this innovation of the justice system and in the way it could change the degree of participation in public life by the people. Blogger Ajirogu is one of those who support the saiban'in seido as he explains in this post.

私は賛成の方なんですが、どうでしょうか。
なぜ賛成なのかと言うと、司法なり政治なりを、もっと自分達で作っていくようにした方がいいと思うからです。誰かに任せると言うのもひとつの方法ですけれども、民主主義というのは、自分達で国を作っていくという規律の維持の仕方ですし、仮にその誰かが間違えたり、判断する人たちの規律や能力が落ちたりして、非難することになっても、結論として、間違えてしまったことはもうどうにもなりません。自分達でやっていく、と言うことは、その人たちに任せた責任は、自分達で負わなければならないということですし。

I'm in favour [of this new system].
The reason is that, in administration of justice or politics, I think ‘we' should be more ‘pro active’. Obviously, entrusting this task to others is one way to deal with it but democracy means also participating ourselves in the processes that make this country. If someone makes a mistake or the ability or the discipline of those who judge is flawed we may blame them but, at the end of the day, nothing would change that mistake. Whereas if we were to participate personally we would then take on the responsibility that we have thrust onto others, until now.

[…]

そして、われわれがうまく出来ない、と言ってやらないでいると、人を裁くと言うことに対して理解が全く深まりませんし、理解できなかったり、能力(?)が上がらない、ということは、結局、司法ということに対して全体のレベルが上がらないということでもあります。この能力アップというか、認識力アップというか、これからは逃れられないのだと思います。自分達の思うような国に住みたいのであれば。

Besides, if we keep on saying that ‘we are not able' and don't do it, we will never understand wholly what judging a person means. Continuing in our ignorance our expertise wouldn't improve and neither would our awareness of the administration of justice.
So I believe that in future people must commit themselves to raising the general level and awareness [of justice] without evading the responsibilities if they still desire to live in a country as they want it to be.

Also Shoryu Akizaka (秋坂昇龍) declares himself in favour and stresses the importance of the participation also of those people who don't have any knowledge of legal matters.

我々一般人は、日常でそれほど法律を意識して生活していない。一つは犯罪に巻き込まれる、あるいは巻き込むことを大多数が前提として生活しておらず、それらが非日常的風景であること。二つ目は法律よりも感情や一般常識を判断材料にしながら、物事に対応していることが理由として挙げられる。そして裁判員に求められているのが、まさにこれらのことなのではないだろうか

We common people live our everyday lives without being really aware of the law. First of all, most of us are not involved nor do we involve others, in criminal actions, because these are extraordinary cases.
Secondly our responses and our judgments would be based more on emotions and common sense than on laws. I think that this is what [the lawmakers] had in mind when they decided to introduce the lay judge system.

[…]

裁判員制度に反対する意見の中に「知識もないのに人を裁くことなどできない」というものがあったのだが、元々一般市民に専門知識を求めておらず、逆に無知であることを求めているからこその裁判員制度だろう。
知識の乏しい人は、時に想像すらしなかった突拍子もない意見を述べたりすることがある。無知が生み出す発想力には、時として驚かされるものだ。知識という“鎧”を纏っていない分、柔軟な発想ができるのである。

Many of those who are against the new system stated that ‘I can't judge anybody because I have no knowledge [on these matters]’. However, what is expected from citizens is not expert knowledge but, on the contrary, the very fact that they are not mired [in legal niceties].
People with little legal knowledge can express their unique, sometimes unpredictable opinions. These ideas born from commom sense may be insightful and [for lay people] it is easier to produce flexible ideas when the rigid conventions of legal knowledge would be a hindrance.

While many bloggers express their opinions on the positive or negative effects of the system in the immediate future, some such as Like_an_Arrow, express their disagreement after a long discourse taking as a starting point previous discussion of the problem and an analysis of the principles of the Constitution.

いま読み返してみても、裁判員制度に対する私の基本的なスタンスは変わっていません。[…]私の主張は、そもそも一般市民が刑事裁判の審理に参加すること自体がおかしいのではないかというものでした。 ですから、欧米を中心とした先進諸国で陪審制や参審制が当たり前に採用されているという事実も、裁判員制度を正当化する根拠として認めたくないのです。これは世界の常識の方がおかしい。少なくとも、陪審制や参審制などというものは、すでに歴史的使命を終えた過去の制度であって、これからの時代の民主主義を先導していく制度ではないと私は考えるのです。

Re-reading [the post I wrote 4 years ago], I have to say that my basic stance about the lay judge system hasn't changed that much.[…] In my opinion, the very fact that common citizens can participate in a court trial is odd. Consequently I cannot consider a valid justification for this change the fact that the American and European jury systems or the participatory system have been taken as model without calling them into question. There is something wrong in trusting people’s common sense. Lay judge system and jury system belong in the past and have accomplished their historical mission; I believe that they do not represent the right system to carry out the principles of democracy from now on.

もともと市民による司法参加という思想は、国王や君主の専横に対して民衆の権利を守るために生まれて来たもので、市民社会の成立という歴史的な文脈のなかで捉えるべきものです。

The origin of the participation of citizens in the administration of justice was the necessity to protect the people's rights against the tyranny of a King or Emperor and in considering the question the historical context in which a society developed [such mechanisms] should be significant.

[…]

ところが、陪審制の長い歴史を持つ欧米諸国でも、現在では市民が国を相手取って行なう訴訟については陪審員による裁判は行なわれていません。
[…]日本が真似をしようとしているのは、この形骸化してしまった現代の陪審制です。もしも本当にこの国の司法を民主化したいのなら、国が訴えられている公害訴訟や靖国訴訟のようなものをこそ、裁判員制度の対象とすべきだろうに。

However, also in Europe and in the U.S., where the jury system tradition is long, nowadays in the lawsuits where the citizens oppose to the State, the trials are held without any popular juries. […] What Japan is trying to imitate is a jury system that has already become a mere name.
If it really had any intentions to democratize the administration of justice, it should employ lay judges in those trials where the State is sued such as those about environmental pollution cases or about the Yasukuni question.

Iran: Bloggers react to fiery presidential debateVideo post

Two Iranian presidential candidates, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and former Prime Minister Mir Hussein Mousavi, clashed during a fiery debate broadcast to a national television audience on Wednesday evening. Ahmadinejad charged that Mousavi is being supported by “corrupt” political personalities such as former president, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. Mousavi countered that Ahmadinejad's ways have hurt Iran's image across the globe and could be a prelude to a dictatorship.

Nikahang Kosar, a leading cartoonist and blogger, shared his ideas on the debate in one cartoon.

Digital Kalashinkov, an Iranian blogger and journalist, has published a video of Ahmadinejad's supporters celebrating after the debate, chanting slogans against Rafsanjani, like “Down with ‘Akbar Shah'”.

Tribuneh Azad also published several photos where Ahmadinejad and Mousavi supporters celebrated their own favorite candidate's victory in the debate in Vali Asr Street in Tehran. The blogger observed [fa] that some of Ahmadinejad's supporters were waving Lebanese Hezbollah's flags.

HarfeHesabi reacts to Ahmadinejad's criticism of political personalities such as Rafsanjani. The blogger says [fa] either Ahmadinjad is the most anti-revolutionary president, or we simply didn't know the revolution was so dirty, if he talks about Rafsanjani and his sons, who have been friends of Iran's great leader for 50 years, in this way.

Jomhour writes that after the debate each side considered their favorite candidate the winner of the debate. The blogger suggests we should take in to consideration that winning a debate does not mean a candidate will the election. Jomhour writes that while some people may think a candidate lost because his tactic was to lie, he may in fact be attracting more votes.

Ali Eghbali writes [fa] that Ahmadinejad asked Mousavi to explain how Rafsanjani's dynasty became billonaires… Mousavi did not have an answer. The blogger adds that security forces should be careful to guard the public servant's [Ahmadinejad] life.

Mollah Hassani
writes [fa] that it is fortunate it's those responsible for the Islamic Republic who are saying such things. Imagine if a writer, student or journalist were to write what Ahmadinejad said yesterday, then he/she would be in an unimaginably terrible situation.

Mohammad Ali Abtahi, the former vice president, says [fa] what Ahmadinejad did during this debate was the death of morality, and he would do anything to get votes at any cost.

Herfeh Khbarngear (means “profession journalist”) writes [fa] that Mousavi was the only winner in this debate. The blogger admires the moment when Mousavi, by refering to Ahmadinejad's accusations, said to the public, I want to change what you just saw.

Egypt: Will there be any action after Obama's Talk?

As expected, US President Barack Obama's speech was received with different and contradicting reactions in the Egyptian blogosphere. While many praised his eloquence, charisma, intelligence and awareness of Arab and Islamic history, more believed it was just the same talk they had heard from other presidents but in a better wrapping. Also, they almost all agreed they are waiting for “action” to prove the supposed “good intentions.”

The first optimistic opinion came from Ahmed, who said how happy he is with Obama's gesture of approaching the Islamic world:

في النهاية أنا متفاءل فلم تكن أروع طموحاتي تذهب إلي أن يتكلم رئيس أمريكي بهذه اللهجة الأقرب إلي الحياد ولا بهذه المفاتحة الأدني إلي الاعتذار.
At the end, I am optimistic. My highest ambition was not even to have a U.S. president speaking in this manner, neutral in a way that is more like to apologizing.

Another blogger, Ahmed Shokier, analyzed Obama's speech, then advised his readers that Obama is neither Muslims' grand Imam nor a Muslim himself to have high expectations of him. He also said that the speech wasn't targeted towards Muslims only, but was followed by American voters, Israelis and non-Muslims as well.

Shokeir's other observations included:

ثالثاً : لكي يتم تقييم الخطاب يجب النظر في طريقة التعامل السابقة لأسلافه ومامدى الحال والهوان الذي وصلنا له في علاقاتنا معهم
رابعاً : لن يأتي الرجل ليقدم لنا الحلول والمساعدات ويرحل ، فهو ليس بابا نويل ولا روبين هود ، فالعلاقة متبادلة أن تأخذ وتعطي أن تمنح وتهب
خامساً : نحن أمة إستهلاكية مفككة وليس لها أي تأثير ولا ثقل دولي لا في مجال علمي أو تكنولوجي أو عسكري أو إقتصادي
Third, to assess the speech fully, you have to take into consideration the treatment of the previous administrations and and the level our relationship has deteriorated to.
Fourth, this man did not come to present us with solutions and aid and then leave. He isn't Santa Claus or Robin Hood. Relationships are mutual and there is give and take.
Fifth, we are a fragmented society which consumes goods only. We have no international impact or influence. Nor do we have any scientific, technological, military or economic power.

In reply to Shokier's post, Desert Cat offered a different opinion:

هو بما انى مش كنت حاطة اى امل ولا حتى فكرت اتوقع خطاب اوباما لانى مدركة ان مش فى فرق بين احمد والحاج احمد لكن دمى محروق اوى على ال500مليون جنيه اللى اتصرفوا على 6 ساعات قضاهم معاليه فى القاهره
Although I had no high hopes in his speech, and I didn't try to speculate anything - because I know there is no difference between him and any other American president but I was enraged because of the 500 million pounds which were spent on the six hours he spent in Cairo.

The same comment by Desert Cat was seconded by another female blogger, Fattractive Egyptian woman, who did not appreciate the preparations taken by the government for the visit:

Like many people, I wasn’t exactly on top of the world when Obama chose Egypt to speak from. Oh, of course, prestige, we’re the best country in the world, blah blah, but what about all the abuses and less-than-democratic procedures we have here?

She then added a comic by Sherif Arafa, an Egyptian writer, about how the whole Cairo cleanness is going to end as soon as Obama takes off his plan:

After Obama’s Visit (Upper left hand corner and clockwise): 1) Return [the palm] tree to the storage area. 2) Of course the exams get postponed for the guests, do you think we’re at Harvard? 3) The governor left? 4) I saw someone practicing politics in the university sir, his name is Obama! 5) We must return everything to it’s place.

After Obama’s Visit (Upper left hand corner and clockwise):
1) Return [the palm] tree to the storage area.
2) Of course the exams get postponed for the guests, do you think we’re at Harvard?
3) The governor left?
4) I saw someone practicing politics in the university sir, his name is Obama!
5) We must return everything to it’s place.

Adel, a 23-year-old blogger, took a break from his studies for the final exam to follow the speech. Like many others, including Blue Stone [Ar], Mahmoud25x [Ar], Nawara Negm [Ar], GVO author Marwa Rakha -who thought the magic of the speech lied in Obama's charming smile- and Doaa [Ar], he believed Obama was trying to flirt with and please all parties, and that his talk will not lead to any change. He Quoting remarks:

معتقدش ان كلامه ده هيتنفذ و السبب اننا سمعنا نفس الحوارات دي و مش معني انه جالنا هنا يبقي الراجل بيحبنا .. ده بس عندهم تصليحات في البيت الابيض […]فقالك ازور الهرم و اتصور جنبه و ااقولي كلمتين و اخلع عشان الحق الغداء .
I don’t think his words will be translated into action, and the reason is because we’ve heard such talk before. And it is not because he came to us, that he is someone who loves us. In fact, they are currently conducting some “maintenance” work in the White House […] so in the meanwhile, he thought of passing by, visiting the pyramids and taking some pictures, followed by a quick lunch and then depart.

Fattractive Egyptian woman continued in her excellent post:

Oh, he said all the right things. He quoted verses from the Qur’an. He said al-salamu Alaykum. He said Islam contributed a lot to western civilization. He proudly said he had Muslim roots. […]
The rhetoric was beautiful. So beautiful that many people missed—or chose to ignore—the fact that nothing much has changed. […] US policy has remained the same. America’s interests are still number one, and that is to be expected.

Arabist picture for the Hagg, owner of his local qahwa in Garden City, watching the Obama speech - like many of Egyptians who followed the speech from local qahwa's or their homes.

Arabist picture for the Hagg, owner of his local qahwa in Garden City, watching the Obama speech.

On a different note, while Zeinobia compared Obama to the late John F Kennedy, the Arabist compared his visit to Nixon's back in 1975; others - like Egyptian citizen, went a step further and compared his speech to that of the late Egyptian president Anwar El Sadat in the Israeli Knesset in 1977, before the Camp David peace treaty between Egypt and Israel. For them, both of the two presidents were calling for peace.

Egyptian Citizen published videos for both speeches, then commented:

السادات قالها من 1977 و الان اوبما يقولها في 2009
فهل من مجيب؟
يهمني الفعل مش كلام
نفسنا نعيش من غير حروب و دمار و ارهاب
امتى نعيش في سلام عادل ؟
stop war and live in peace
الخطاب دة فكرني بالسادات الله يرحمة
فعلاً كان رجل لة روئية و نظرة للمستقبل
Sadat said it in 1977, and now Obama repeats in 2009. Would someone respond?
I care for what’s to be done, not said. We want to live without wars, destruction or terrorism.
When will we live in just peace?
Stop war and live in peace.
This speech reminded me of Sadat (God rest his soul in peace)
He was a man of vision, and an insight for the future.

Another blogger, Ha'er fi donia Allah, tackled the topic from a different perspective. He was worried about the health condition of Egyptian president Mubarak, because he didn't receive Obama from the airport:

هل رأيتم السيد أوباما وهو يصعد للطائرة أمس؟؟… شاب قوي صحيح مثل هذا هو ما ينبغي له أن يقود أمة قوية…….. أما السيد الرئيس فهو لم يستقبله حتى في المطار رغم كونه أهم شخصية في العالم الآن والبروتوكول يقول أن الرئيس يستقبل الرئيس، ولا أعتقد أن الرئيس لم يستقبله في المطار لأن الرئيس الأمريكي في العادة لا يستقبل الرئيس المصري في المطار أثناء زياراته السابقة، يبدو أن الرئيس “تعبان” وليس لديه استعداد لبذل أي مجهود بدني، فوفاة حفيده ودواعي الزمن عليه تنبئ بصحة تنتكس بصورة ملحوظة…
Did you see Mr. Obama boarding the plane yesterday? A strong man such as this should lead a strong nation. But our president didn't receive him at the airport, despite him being the most important figure in the whole world and the protocol says a president receives a president. I don't think its because American presidents usually don't receive the Egyptian president in previous visits, but because our president is “tired” and not ready to make any physical effort. His grandson's death, and the passage of time, have had a toll on his health.
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Sandmonkey who attended the event, wrote his observations behind the scenes, then mentioned a small demonstration that took place in front of Cairo University.

Fattractive Egyptian woman, concluded her post with a glimpse of optimism:

So that’s my two cents. The question remains, is Obama really and truly sincere in his words? Or is he, as this editorial puts it, simply another Napoleon, a man who “appropriated Islam in order to advance [his] own material interests at the expense of local populations?”

But even though I’m a cynical person, that doesn’t mean I’m still not hopeful. We’ll have to wait and see, as everyone is saying, if Obama can walk the talk. Intentions matter, but without actions, they don’t mean squat.