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April 20th, 2009

   

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Indian Elections 2009: Villains And Votes

If elections are to be described as a process to elect better leaders for the country, the ongoing elections in India are of a very different variety.

A number of convicted felons, gang members with long criminal history and leaders accused of violent crime (murder, attempted murder, armed robbery) - villains in every sense are going to the people asking for their vote.

Abdullah Khan, says “this nexus of politicians and criminals is bane for great Indian democracy.” He provides a list of criminals turned politicians, most of whom hail from troubled states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

“In UP only, BSP’s candidates with an alleged criminal past are Dhananjay Singh (Jaunpur), Aruna Kumar Shukla ‘Anna’ (Unnao), D P Yadav (Badaun), Kadir Rana (Muzaffarnagar) Rakesh Pandey (Ambedkar Nagar), Rizwan Zahir (Shravasti) etc.

Among the Samajwadi Party’s candidates are Brij Bhushan Singh from Gonda, Rakesh Sachhan from Fatehpur, O P Gupta from Dhaurhara, Mitra Sen Yadav from Faizabad, history-sheeter Mukhtar Ansari (Varanasi) and Bal Kumar (brother of robber Daduwa) from Mirzapur. Seema Parihar, a former robber, is also contesting from Mirzapur on Udit Raj’s Indian Justice Party ticket.

In Maharashtra, gangster-turned-politician Arun Gawli is contesting the Lok Sabha elections from the North Central Mumbaiparliamentary constituency. In West Bengal, ‘bahubali’ Adhir Ranjan Chowdhary is in the fray from Berhampore on Congress party’s ticket. In Bihar, JD(U) has given Lok Sabha ticket to Vijay Kumar Shukla alias Munna (a criminal-turned-politician). Lok JanShakti Party has also given ticket to alleged criminal, Rama Singh, an accused in many criminal cases, from Ara.”

The list of criminals turned politicians is long, and the political parties are accused of encouraging and accepting the felons. Avinash Narula says that getting rid of criminal politicians is not an easy task because of the “cooperation” between them and the power circle. He says that the ‘Lead India” campaign launched by Times of India to ask citizines not to vote for criminals will not succeed because:

“Most of the politicians will not be convicted because of a number of reason. There is a nexus between politicians, cops and criminals. On top of this the courts take years to decide on a case which allows the criminals to keep on contesting elections and winning based on goondagiri (highhandedness).

So do you think Lead India Campaign against criminals in politics will have any effect? I don’t think so.

First, getting criminals out of politics is not in the agenda or manifesto of any major political party. Forget, forget about removing criminals from politics, they are not even talking about doing anything about corruption.

Second, we need to change the law but again we cannot do this without the politicians.

Third, we need to expedite the legal process which also we cannot do.”

In city of Varanasi, holy city for Hindus, election battle sure looks like a movie script. A person accused for murder (who just happens to be a Muslim) is pitted against a party veteran who is known as a Hindu hardliner. BJP leader Murli Manohar Joshi will be battling against Mukhtar Ansari, who was accused for murder and is currently in a jail. Ansari is the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) candidate.

Citizens are sounding alarm on muddied political environment not only through blogs but also through videos. At YouTube, there are a number of videos urging citizens not to accept criminals as election candidates.

In this video, No criminals, youngsters ask fellow citizens not to vote for criminals. It also has some parts in Hindi, where people ask political parties not field criminals. More interesting are the slides which list charges against some candidates.

This video titled No criminals Hindi, has a similar message.

This post is part of the Global Voices special coverage on Indian Elections 2009

Lebanon: Activists Experiment with Social MediaVideo post

The use of social media tools such as Facebook, Youtube, Twitter, and mobile technology has become increasingly popular in activism and advocacy work worldwide in recent years. In Lebanon, a group called Social Media Exchange conducts training for NGOs, civil society organisations, and activists on how they can utilise social media to promote their work and reach a wider audience. They produced a very interesting video about activists in Lebanon experimenting with social media, shedding light on various blogs, Facebook initiatives, and websites used for social, socio-economic, and political activism in the country.

Blogging

During the 2006 war between Hizbullah and Israel, young people like social and environmental activist Zena El-Khalil, who is interviewed in the video, used blogs to tell her side of the story and how she felt during that period. She was among a group of bloggers, some of whom had never blogged before, but felt the passion to let out their thoughts and feelings, and have their voices heard through online interactive forums. On her blog Beirut Update, and in her last post which dates back to November 2006, she wrote:

the war ended. maya's condition grew worse. she passed away and i have been left with a stain on my heart. what now? i have been living the past few weeks in total darkness, not know what lies ahead. not knowing if things could get any worse.. if i was going to lose anyone else… and today it almost happened in Palestine. i almost lost two more friends.

Twitter

Activists and bloggers in Lebanon have also begun using Twitter. For instance, Mustapha of Beirut Spring, recently used the popular service to campaign for better broadband connection in Lebanon:

broadband tweet

And Nights uses it to converse with different activists from Lebanon and the world at large:

tweet 2

Facebook

Another group featured in the video was “Nahwa Al Muwatiniya” or Towards Citizenship, which is group formed by young people with the goal of monitoring parliamentary actions and legislations. Their impressive initiative “Naam Lil Hiwar” or Yes for Dialogue brings young people together in town hall-like settings to discuss issues that matter to them in Lebanon. The topics vary between social and political; issues like sex education in schools, protecting the environment, and reforming the economy, were among the those discussed. The group announces their events on their Facebook page and uses mass-mailing for invitations. On their website, they explain the purpose of their initiative:

The absence of real dialogue in the Lebanese society- and among youth specifically- is a major obstacle standing in the way of true democracy. Lack of communication and often leads way to more severe socio-political problems. Dialogue is therefore an essential feature of multicultural societies without which true partnership cannot be established. Naam lil Hiwar has successfully created an open space for dialogue by holding Hiwar sessions in Beirut for over two years. Open spaces for dialogue in different regions of Lebanon - where youth can discuss a kaleidoscope of political, social, and cultural issues - is needed as a communication channel. By creating sustainable Hiwar groups in different communities, Naam is taking the culture of dialogue to the streets where it belongs, with the aim of transmitting it to the political arena.

Websites

Al Majmoua is a micro-finance group that helps entrepreneurs around Lebanon connect to sources of funding from around the world. They are partnering with Kiva global network, an organisation based in the U.S that allows funders to lend money to entrepreneurs worldwide. They use their website to connect with these entrepreneurs and to also help them connect to lenders.

The recent years have witnessed a significant rise in internet penetration, particularly among young people in Lebanon. The service is being enhanced and the bandwidth expanded, and more and more organisations are realising the importance of social media and information and telecommunication technologies in their work. As all of this is happening, we continue to see more blogs, tweets, and videos coming out of Lebanon advocating for cultural, social, and political causes.

Iran: Diplomats walk out at Ahmadinejad's speech

Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad today made headlines once more, when he referred to Israel as a “racist state” during a address at United Nations conference on racism in Geneva, Switzerland. Delegates from several European nations walked out of the conference in protest at Ahmadinejad's remark.

Jomhour has published the following video showing the diplomats' departure:

Commentators have drawn parallels between this incident and the speech the Iranian president gave at Columbia University in New York in 2007.

Ghommar says Iranians have once again been humiliated in front of the world community their president. He writes [fa]:

رئیس‌جمهوری که در کشورش هر روزه شاهد نقض گسترده‌ی حقوق‌بشر هستیم …زنان از کوچک‌ترین حقوق انسانی که لباس پوشیدن است محروم هستند و در زندان‌های آن پر از زندانبان عقیدتی و سیاسی است..، خیلی خنده‌دار و تلخ است که در سازمان ملل از نژادپرستی و نقض حقوق‌بشر در کشورهای دیگر حرفی بزند

It is a very ridiculous and bitter thing that a president who in his own country witnesses a high number of human rights violations… where women are deprived of the most basic rights such as [choosing] their own clothes, and prisons are full of political and ideological prisoners… talks about racism and human rights violations of other UN countries.

Zarehbin says [fa] the scene where different delegates left the conference shows how much we are hated in the world. “What a poor nation we are that this bum [Ahmadinejad] is our president…while a regime repressed Bahai's and others in Iran how can support Palestanians' rights.”

Americas: 5th Summit Reactions

The much-hyped Fifth Summit of the Americas is now over, culminating with the Hemispheric leaders' adoption of the Declaration of Commitment of Port of Spain - albeit with one signatory - the Prime Minister of host country Trinidad and Tobago, who purportedly signed on behalf of all participating leaders. This signaled to many a clear lack of unanimity on the final declaration, hardly surprising given the differing agendas of the 34 participating nations. Bloggers were quick to post their impressions of the three-day engagement.

ON LATIN AMERICA
Guyana Providence Stadium thought “the event was well organized”, while Barbadian Cheese-on-bread! noted that:

Already President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega Saveedra is tearing some holes in US foreign policy; Obama will have a lot of work to do to win over the leaders in this part of the region.

Compatriot Bajan Dream Diary was pleased to see that the U.S. President kept his cool despite a “no gloves, no holds barred” offensive by Latin American leaders:

Sardonically thanking President Ortega for not blaming him for things that happened “when I was four years old”, Barack Obama took the floor as third speaker in his capacity of President of the United States. Stating his seriousness on “launching a new chapter” in hemispheric relations, he cautioned that issues and progress could be stymied if states dwelled on stale arguments. In so doing, he dismissed the bulk of Presidents de Kirchner’s and Ortega’s speeches, stating that he came to the Summit not to debate the past, but to debate the future. President Obama said that he promised a new partnership, with no senior or junior partner, working together for shared prosperity.

ON CUBA
Cuba was also top on the agenda - not only for the delegates, but for bloggers. Bajan Dream Diary continued:

On Cuba, President Obama said that he sought a “new beginning”, stating that there was now a long journey that needed to be travelled to undo the mistrust. Referencing this week’s earlier removal of some restrictions on Cuba, Obama says that he is prepared to have his administration liaise with Cuba on a range of issues from free speech to drugs and human rights.

Cuban diaspora blogger Uncommon Sense agreed that “President Barack Obama is right on two counts: American policy over the past 50 years has not brought about a free Cuba”:

Under Obama, the goal of American policy stays the same, and that is welcome. Nothing Obama has said or done on Cuba so far should make anyone that he is about to abandon the cause of Cuban freedom.

Hopefully, his different tactics will bring a different result.

26th Parallel, however, would have preferred to see from the U.S. President “a little more Cowboy W and a little less Obama Cool in front of leaders such as Lula and Bachelet and Ortega and Chavez who don't seem to understand the whole Cuban dissident concept”:

He could have mentioned people such as Oscar Elias Biscet and Antunez by name. He could have related their tragic stories for the world to understand…of course, that would have knocked Mr. Obama's precious halo off in the eyes of many of the Summit attendees. In the light of who the real leaders are, however, that wouldn't have been such a bad thing. Obama has the world's attention and a big stage in which to profess his views. Too bad he didn't take advantage of this to advocate for real freedom-fighters.

Ninety miles away…in another country said that “the overall tenor of the [President Obama's] speech really left a metallic taste in mine”:

I confess that for the first time in my life I have felt shame for my country to see my President groveling before such as Hugo Chavez, and Daniel Ortega and the like. Perhaps if he had not just sat through a 50 minute diatribe by this last before this address, it would not have been quite as bad. I doubt it.

To be fair, he did remind these countries of their own responsibilities. And, yes, our behavior toward the lower part of our hemisphere has been less than stellar. Yet nothing we have done equals what these countries have done to themselves, to what the very men in that room, as well as the elephant in the living room, are presently engaged in doing to their countries. To see the President of the United States, equating the United States, Costa Rica, and others to such as Cuba, Venezuela, Bolivia is not only specious but shameful.

Circles Robinson, writing for Havana Times, noted the significance of the fact that:

Venezuela’s Hugo Chavez took advantage of the Americas Summit in Trinidad and Tobago to give Obama a copy of Galeano’s book: ‘The Open Veins of Latin America' as a way of summing up the history of European colonization and later US dominance of the continent.

The Americas Summit in Port of Spain is providing a forum for the US president to hear a chorus of Latin American and Caribbean leaders encouraging him to change the course of history by ending the half-century US blockade on Cuba and mending relations with the Caribbean island.

Along the Malecon took a more in-depth look at the Obama/Chavez encounter:

Approaching Obama was a shrewd, calculated move. Chavez comes across as someone who is willing to make peace, to settle any differences with the United States. That's a good thing.

But Chavez and Obama have certain irreconcilable differences: Chavez is bent on turning Venezuela into a socialist state. Obama is not a socialist, no matter how many times Fox News and Rush Limbaugh repeat that line.

Chavez has his own political motives. I don't pretend to know what they are, but my guess is that they have as much or more to do with Cuba than they do Venezuela. When Chavez shakes Obama's hand, he may be sending a message of reconciliation from Cuba, and perhaps from Fidel Castro himself.

Cuban diaspora bloggers were not the only ones who weighed in on the performance of their leaders. Vexed Bermoothes, from Bermuda, thought that despite the fact that “the main subject of discussion at the Fifth Summit of the Americas was Cuba, Cuba, Cuba. And maybe a little bit on tax havens”, the Bermudian Premier would have done well to mention “the breathtaking allegations of corruption and mismanagement in TCI [Turks and Caicos Islands]”:

It’s worrying that the Premier would attend such a high profile event, and this is all he has to offer.

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
Bloggers from the host country, however, were by far the most vociferous about the event. Many posted their thoughts on the Summit Twitter Channel and followed developments on Facebook. Trinidad and Tobago News Blog continued to post its daily roundup of mainstream media stories, while journalist Raffique Shah, writing for the blog, said:

What I found distasteful about the media pre-Summit hype was the focus on Chavez and US President Barack Obama at the expense of other leaders.

Brazil’s Lula de Silva is, for me, maybe the most important president attending the Summit. Besides the reality that his country is poised to become a global economic powerhouse in the near future, it is home to what has been described as ‘the lungs of Earth', the Amazon forest.

Speaking of mainstream media, Media Watch featured two posts with comments from viewers about the disappointing quality of local Summit coverage.

Trin could not help but notice the difference between local politics and Obama's “change we can believe in“:

What do trinis hope Obama's visit to Trinidad will accomplish? I'd be thrilled if Obama's commitment to serving the people of his country, his intelligence, his ideas about sustainable development and his sense of justice would rub off on our own power-grubbing Prime Minister and his pack of fools.

I don’t know how everyday people will benefit from Obama meeting Manning but as the leader of the free world I really hope Obama’s influence will inspire the next leader of our country to step up and bring us the change we so badly need.

The Undisputed Truth published a series of posts which focused on his impressions from day to day, some of which included the following “highlights”:

DAY ONE
As expected, the entire Summit was overshadowed by the media’s bloodthirsty wish for a 'showdown' between Obama and Chavez.

‘Good' things coming out of the Summit :
* Trinidad and Tobago didn’t thoroughly embarrass itself
* Hugh Chavez and Barack Obama are now homeboys
* With the CIA, Secret Service, FBI, multiple zones and lockdowns, the people of Port-of-Spain are probably the safest they will ever be in their entire lives.

DAY TWO
* Most of the Latin American leaders looked like a bunch of teenage girls at a Jonas Brothers’ concert as they surrounded Obama for photo-ops
* President of Bolivia Evo Morales came out guns blazing this morning and called his own press conference where he criticized Cuba’s exclusion from the Summit, talked about human rights, criticized Barack Obama and U.S policies.
* Dennis Mc Comie, national Secretariat spokesman made a total ass out of himself by asking at the Bolivian president’s press conference (in the middle of his fire and brimstone speech about real issues) his opinion about…the cultural show at the opening ceremony for the Summit.
* Caribbean leaders talked about helping Haiti, the poorest country of the Western hemisphere.

Wow, some action.

DAY THREE
US$300 million later : smiles, handshakes, photo ops, laughs and nothing.

* The latest update is that some countries will ‘adopt’ the declaration but not ‘endorse’ it. In other words, we don’t even have confirmation that the leader’s even really agree and commit to the airy-fairy, practically insignificant ‘accomplishments' of the Summit…adopt basically means saying ‘ok cool' without committing to it. I’m quite sure that could have been done over the phone or on the way to the bathroom without hosting a summit.
* PM Patrick Manning got dissed by a foreign reporter who questioned whether it was Hugo Chavez who was in charge of the planning for the Summit. Apparently access to the actual meetings among leaders, other than Chavez/Obama photo-ops were extremely limited. Manning responded quoting the Bible, saying basically the Summit is better off without ‘public scrutiny'. Last time I checked, the Summit is supposed to, at least academically, ultimately benefit the public. How then can it be better off without having the media free access?
* PM Manning again was asked by a Barbadian reporter how he intends to answer critics like myself who think the Summit is too costly. Manning responded saying that no cost is too much as the Summit will be beneficial for investment, and that ‘the World’s eyes are on Trinidad'. Manning is therefore officially stating that its ok to spend as much money as possible for aesthetic upgrades for the country to appear to look good ‘in the world’s eyes.'

The anti-climax of the Summit (the adoption - rather than endorsement - of the declaration) soon had local bloggers resorting to humour: as they say in Trinidad and Tobago, “if yuh doh laugh, you'll cry”. The Secret Blog of Patrick “Patos” Manning (a fake blog of the Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister) proclaimed that the decision to host the Summit was “all about the booty”:

Been hearing rumours that unpatriotic types out there are saying that the only reason I’ve dragged this country into hosting a multi-million dollar Summit is to boost my ego. It’s true that my ego isn’t complaining, but these naysayers may be interested to know that the real reason I decided to throw this shindig is actually the gifts I’ll be receiving from the 33 other heads of government attending the meeting.

The anonymous blogger was also very active on Twitter.
Over in Barbados, Trinidad-born B.C. Pires shared his thoughts on “President Obama’s live press conference from the…roof deck at the Trinidad Hilton”, while This Beach Called Life posted another fictitious entry into the diary of President Obama:

The Hyatt looked like a hotel and with all the talk on the blogs about tall buildings I was disappointed. I mentioned this to Mr. Manning who seemed offended at first but then offered me a bowl of corn soup. I refused since I couldn’t easily identify all the floating objects and security protocol requires The President identify all food objects.

PM PM was shaky at the start of his speech but seemed to get his stride after he offered Mr. Morales a bowl of corn soup, probably the same bowl I turned down. I am beginning to suspect he threw this summit just to serve corn soup. PM PM referred to me as ‘my kind' and I nearly fainted when he said it. I didn’t know if he meant black, smart, charismatic, handsome or soup-shy. Maybe he meant all. I am beginning to wonder how ‘his kind' ever got elected.

Afghanistan: Political Machinations

While Afghanistan's so-called “rape law” has garnered a lot of Western press, there is a lot of domestic debate over it as well. The women's marches have been covered admirably by mainstream media, but there are sectarian issues to consider as well.

Registan.net already highlighted some of those problems—namely, that the law restricting women's rights is targeted at a religious minority, the Shia—but the problem is serious enough, according to Hazaristan Times, to warrant a high level conference with Hazara Members of Parliament. The Hazara are the most numerous Shia minority in Afghanistan. Their comments were directed at Sheikh Asif Mohsini Kandhari, a cleric they accuse of having ties to Iran:

A group of Hazara MPs criticizing Sheikh Asif Mohsini Kandhari , said the Family Law can and must be amended. Addressing a press conference in Kabul on Friday, some Hazara MPs said a Mullah can not decided on how should a law be.

That isn't the only issue facing Afghanistan's political scene, however. As the August elections approach, there is rampant speculation on who might pose a realistic challenge to President Hamid Karzai. The consensus amongst American analysts seems to be that the opposition is too fractured to pose a threat to Karzai's reelection, but Jengnameh argues this is by design: the West has, he argues, chosen a Pashtun-centric model.

Since 2001, Karzai and the Pashtun ethno-nationalists surrounding him, have used labels like “radical”, “extremist” or “warlord”, to exclude non-Pashtuns from government…

That is why news of a possible alliance between Hizb-e Wahdat and Junbish-e Milli is so significant: it might represent a large enough bloc to out-vote Karzai's mostly Pashtun supporters.

In a press conference in Kabul on Saturday, 18 leaders of both the parties said they would announce their joint support for any candidate by the next week. Head of the Hizb e Wahdat, Haji Muhammad Muhaqiq told “based on broad mutual understanding and cooperation, both the parties have decided to go all along.” Neither of the parties will have presidential candidate from their own party members, but would jointly support any candidate. It may be mentioned, leader of Junbish, General Dostum is in Turkey since last couple of months. He is said to be in self-exile.

To relate to the above, Wahdat is a mostly Shia Hazara party, and during the civil war was a mujahideen group resisting both the Soviets and later the Taliban.

The political issues facing Afghanistan look poised to intensify as the election draws near: even government officials, who before were hesitant to question American policies, have begun publicly voicing their discontent with the new plans to “fix” the military campaign. How this might play itself on the national and local stage is unclear. But it is a safe bet that the arguments will become increasingly impassioned as August 20th draws near.

Malawi Politicians Campaign in Cyberspace

The presidential and parliamentary race in Malawi is seeing innovative use of the Internet that Malawi's politics has never witnessed before. Parties and individual contestants have established themselves online through websites, Facebook and blogs to get voters' attention.

The Malawi Electoral Commission accepted seven presidential candidates and their presence online may be attributed to their new efforts to sell themselves and woo the electorate—some of which is gradually relying more on the Internet in the country. While the political players go digital, Malawi’s Electoral Commission itself does not have a website of its own, causing some bloggers to complain about official website absence.

The Democratic Progressive Party:

With its presidential candidate Dr Bingu wa Mutharika, it has a website. The party also runs a Facebook account while Mutharika himself has a blog in his name.

New Rainbow Coalition (NARC):

New Rainbow Coalition (NARC):
Its presidential candidate Loveness Gondwe stated in a radio interview that her party has a website. Apart from that, Malawi Politics has ably captured her profile.

United Democratic Front (UDF):

With no presidential candidate presented to date, the UDF as a party does not have its own website. However, its desired presidential candidate, Malawi’s former president Bakili Muluzi, runs one in his own name bearing party colours. The site's presence online faces attacks from enemies like the blog Anti-Muluzi, which is openly against his candidacy.

Independent Presidential Candidate:

A new comer to the political scene in Malawi, James Nyondo has a personal website.

Malawi Congress Party (MCP):

Malawi’s oldest party also decided to go online while probably sadly maintaining an earlier site.

While what is online seems to leave out some items that the party actually touts in its rallies, the new website seems to be enjoying a good number of visits due to the need for knowledge about the party that claims to have changed. Some commentators (through the print) have described the website as more beautiful than any other on the race.

Other parties like Peoples Transformation Party (Petra) with Kamuzu Chibambo and Republican Party of Stanley Masauli do not have own websites so far.

Young parliamentary candidates like Chikondi Nkhoma in Lilongwe are using the Internet for passing on their manifesto to the electorate. The young candidate is also on Facebook. Dr Cornelius Mwalwanda of Karonga had a running website (in DPP colours) but it appears he shut it down following losses at primary elections.

News portals like Nyasa Times have been described by some as an online tool meant to serve the interests of one political party over others.

While Internet penetration in Malawi is under one percent, this development seems to appeal to a good number of Malawians within and in the Diaspora as they are now able to read and learn more about their candidates.