A little over a year ago, Ugandan blogger Country Boyi wondered why Ugandans weren't blogging in local languages. He wrote:
The power of indigenous languages to infiltrate the thinking of the local people cannot be underestimated.
[…]Do bloggers, like other writers, have a major stake in the development of writing and reading materials in the local languages, and what is in it for them considering the Ugandan society pays little attention to the written word?
The majority of Ugandan bloggers have yet to write in languages other than English, perhaps because four distinct language families, each with multiple languages, are represented in the country. Over the last year, however, several of Uganda's blogren have forayed into the world of local-language blogging via Luglish, a blend of English and Luganda. Luganda is the local language most commonly spoken in central Uganda, including the capital city Kampala.
In one of the first Luglish posts in the Ugandan blogosphere, Tumwijuke of Ugandan Insomniac writes:
Yesterday, I was privy to a series of conversations between three 8 or 9 year olds in my neighbourhood. As the boys fought and laughed and jostled for position in their small trio, I was struck by how little we change over the years. How much we are just little boys and girls trying our best to live in this big, big world.
(Please adopt a Luglish – Luganda/English – accent when reading the following dialogue. If you don’t know what that sounds like … um, sorry move to Uganda for the experience; it’s a beautiful place … sometimes.)
She goes on to transcribe the conversations, italicizing the Luganda portions but not translating them.
For those who haven't yet had the chance to experience Luglish first-hand, several Ugandan bloggers have posted guides. Seamless‘ 21-part “UGA-SPEAK [A foreigner's guide]” gives tips like:
2. extend- move/push up, create a little space for me
3. ziwereze- pay up!
#2 and #3 are for y'all who won't be using car rentals, or the awe-inspiring boda-bodas but will be trying out our good old taxis.
4. [boda-boda]/bajaj- crazy means of transport via motorbike, which involves clinging on for dear life. Also, the heady rush of speed, a brush with death and wind through your hair.
The blog Fresh Apples reposts a guide to Ugandan English that he found on the Facebook group I love Uganda. Some choice entries on geography:
Out - anywhere outside of Uganda ie. studying from out
This side - Uganda
That side - The West (North America)
After reading the entry on Fresh Apples, blogger Buttercookie adds:
Push me to the shop.- Accompany me to the shop.
U have taken a long time minus coming. (This one is a classic.) What would the opposite be, U have taken a long time plus coming?- Yeah, I know what u’re thinking. Some people really do say that.
Come and we go.-Let’s go together.
Luglish has also been a popular topic for expat bloggers living in Uganda. Paige Anderson Bowen notes:
the official language of uganda is english, but it’s not an english an american would necessarily recognize or understand. most languages (all?) spoken in uganda are bantu languages, so the pronunciation of spoken english here often has a heavy bantu inflection and sentences can be delivered in bantu grammar. the “properness” of a ugandan’s english increases with education level and exposure to native english speakers, but the average ugandan speaks a purely (and sometimes maddeningly) ugandanized english that includes:
- “ok, please”: interchangeably used for yes and no
- “i am on my way coming”: estimated time of arrival anywhere from 5 min to 2 hrs to never
- up/down instead of left/right when giving directions
In another post on the same blog, Paige's husband Phil links to the Wikipedia entry for Ugandan English. And the Uganda wiki, an online encyclopedia on Uganda, also has an entry on the same subject.
Finally, taking the posts on cross-cultural conversation one step further, blogger Chris Mason gives his readers a lesson in Ugandan non-verbal communication:
Boda-boda [Ed.: motorcycle taxi] driver: Raises his eyebrows while making eye contact with me.
Translation: “Would you care for a lift to your desired destination, sir?”
Chris: Raises eyebrows while making eye contact with boda-boda driver.
Translation: “That would be splendid.”
Chris, uttering the only words that would appear in this exchange: “Garden City”
Translation: “I am heading to Garden City. Let us now embark on a pleasant back-and-forth negotiation of this trip.”


Movie theater, downtown Tiraspol, originally uploaded by lyndonk2
In recent years, it seems like a solution to Moldova's long-unresolved secessionist conflict is always being forecast but never quite materializes. Meanwhile, the people who live in the unrecognized Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (a.k.a. the PMR, Transnistria, Transdniester, Pridnestrovie, etc.), a little strip of land that's been trying to secede from Moldova since the breakup of the USSR, just try to get by.
It seems that at least a couple of the territory's netizens are unhappy with some of the initiatives of their de facto government. Here are my translations of a couple of recent posts to ocity, a Russian-language LiveJournal community set up by residents of Tiraspol, Transdniester's capital (which also exists outside of LJ):
Demand and complaint addressed to Evgeny Shevchuk, Chairman of the “Renewal” (Obnovlenie) party (posted by LJ user 06_07_1970)
Dear Evgeny Vasil'evich!
We woke up this morning and left our apartments intending to head to the cemetery and honor our dearly departed.
In the entryway of the building where we live, we found a huge quantity of “Renewal” party newspapers - they are strewn on the landing on every floor, in the stairwells, in people's mailboxes (several copies of this spam in each mailbox), and in the elevator. Part of the area in front of the building is already besmirched with your party's newspapers - some of the building's residents have tossed them out of the stairwell.
It should be noted that this is not the first time when the entryway of our residential building has been littered with such trash.
Based on these facts, I request that you organize the cleanup of the stairwells of the building at Zapadnyi Per. 19/1 in Tiraspol as soon as possible.
Otherwise, we will have to go to court with a complaint against the Renewal party and against you personally as the director of that organization.
With respect,
Residents of the besmirched [засранного] building
This complaint was also posted on a more traditional online forum, where it has generated some 25 comments. On LiveJournal, it generated the following comment by LJ user verba77:
They say our government is impoverished, but think how much money was spent on this garbage. Our authorities don't do anything useful for the people, instead they rub in the people's faces what good rulers we have.
I should note, in fairness to Obnovlenie and Shevchuk, that it's not unheard of for political parties in the post-Soviet space (and probably elsewhere) to engage in the “dirty trick” of placing their opponents' materials in locations designed to annoy voters. I seem to recall that one example of such “black PR” involved party A sticking party B's stickers on cars parked on the street. In this case, though, if I had to guess, I'd say the offending newspapers were probably left by overzealous “Obnovlentsy.”
Here's another assessment of the local government by a regular commenter at the ocity forum:
Defense of human rights, Transnistrian-style (posted by LJ user verba77, whose blog is subtitled “life with a 'special' child in a 'special' country”)
Two years ago, on June 7, 2006, Pridnestrovie first appointed a representative on human rights issues. A 10-room office was set up and luxuriously renovated to European standards. Dozens of new computers and other office equipment was purchased, excellent furniture, air conditioners, etc. There are plans to open branch offices of the human rights representative in other cities in Transdniester.
Interruptions in - and later complete denial of - the government's supply of essential medication to disabled children began around the same time.
Is it possible that the funds which had previously been devoted to saving the lives of disabled children are now going toward the human rights representative's office?
From my conversation with Transnistria's human rights representative V. Kol'ko last week:
- Does the non-issue of medications which are legally provided for to disabled children constitute a violation of human rights?
- Yes, of course, but what can I do about it?
- What do you mean, what, you are the human rights representative. Can you defend the rights of a sick child?
- There isn't any money in the budget for those medications, our government is very poor.
- Then why does the government have money for such luxurious facilities for a human rights office which is unable to protect human rights?
- What, it's my fault that the Supreme Soviet decided to create this office?I might also suggest that our rulers do away with pensions and use the money saved to create an office of the representative of pensioners' rights. Or they could close the hospitals and open an office of the representative for the rights of sick people.
In the comments, verba77 explains that his family pays for a couple of more expensive medications, but is trying to get the government to pay for one cheaper item prescribed for their child, which is included in the official list of medications the government is supposed to provide:
This has become a matter of principle, because those animals are buying themselves expensive official cars, building lordly estates, and renovating their offices to European standards, using the money of the Transnistrians who break their backs working for them, but they refuse to comply with the law guaranteeing medication to sick children. But they spit on my requests and on all of us put together. The animals have made it to the trough.
***
And on a more humorous note, here's a comment from the same forum titled “[Customer] Service” (posted by LJ user sasha_ethna):
Tiraspol'. The train station. We get on the number 3 minibus, hoping to get to Balka.
…I was already handing the driver my fare when a one-lady orchestra came up to the minibus. She had a guitar on her shoulder, fancy luggage and several musical instruments. She tossed her first bag into the minibus and was getting ready to toss in the second, when the driver spat out “I'M NOT GOING TO BALKA!”
All of the passengers were baffled, the one-lady orchestra quickly retrieved her bags, and many people prepared to get off the minibus.
“But we all want to go to Balka!” said a few people.
“Everything's OK - that's where we're going. I just wanted to avoid all of that baggage,” said the driver, revealing the logic behind his trick.
On July 7, Savva Terentyev, 22, a Russian blogger and musician from Syktyvkar, received a one-year suspended jail sentence for a comment (RUS) he posted on Feb. 15, 2007, on the blog of a local journalist Boris Suranov.
Here is a rough translation of the comment:
I hate cops [menty], [swear word omitted]
I don't agree with the thesis that “policemen still have the mentality of a repressive stick in the hands of the powers that be.” First, they are cops [menty, not militsionery, a less respectful way to refer to police]. Second, their mentality isn't still here. It's simply ineradicable. Once a musor [a synonym for ment; non-slang meaning of the word is “trash”], always a musor, even in Africa. Those who become cops [menty] - rednecks and thugs - are the dumbest and least educated representatives of the live/animal world. Would be great if there was an oven, similar to those in Auschwitz, in the center of every Russian city, at the main square (in Syktyvkar, right in the center of Stefanovskaya, where the New Year's tree stands, so that everyone could see), and there'd be a daily ceremony - or, even better, twice a day (at noon and midnight, for example) - of burning a dishonest cop [ment] there. The people would be doing the burning. This would be the first step towards cleansing the society of the dirt that the thuggish cops are.
The court found Terentyev guilty of inciting enmity and publicly humiliating representatives of a social group (Article 282, part 1 of the Russian Federation's Criminal Code).
Here is a rough translation of a tiny part of the 12-page “guilty” verdict (RUS), posted by one of the defense witnesses, LJ user mezak, on his blog (the original of the passage below is on p. 11; the post also has photos of Terentyev, his defense team, and the judge reading the verdict; there are 376 comments to the post so far):
[…] Defendant Terentyev S.S. [Savva Sergeyevich], by means of the language, by having a negative impact on the public opinion and mood, and by aiming to incite social enmity and hatred, to escalate social conflict, to sharpen social contradictions, to awaken base instincts in people, contrasted the people and police officers, calling to [their] physical annihilation by the people. The text does not allow for ambiguous understanding and interpretation of [its] content and meaning, because it should be understandable to any average native speaker of Russian who has basic oral and written language skills. […]
LJ user sholademi re-posted the verdict on his blog and added this note (RUS) at the end of his entry:
Hmm, it has to be noted that the court's verdict contains many orthographic mistakes. This, in addition to the legal side of the case (namely, the questionable linguistic analysis). In short, it's getting crazier and crazier.
In another post, LJ user sholademi posted a 5-question survey (RUS), explaining that Terentyev's defense team was planning to appeal the blogger's sentence and, among other things, would like to “find out how Savva Terentyev's case is going to affect the discussion environment in the Russian blogosphere.” Below are the survey's results so far:
1. Before Savva Terentyev's case, were there many LJ bloggers who allowed themselves to speak harshly of law enforcement and other state institutions and officials?
a. Many bloggers made such statements - 842 (75.4%)
b. Only some bloggers made such statements - 233 (20.9%)
c. I've never encountered such statements on blogs - 41 (3.7%)
2. Before the verdict on Savva Terentyev's case, how often did you encounter harsh statements about law enforcement and other state institutions and officials on your friends feed?
а. Such statements were pretty frequent on my friends feed - 664 (59.7%)
b. Such statements were pretty rare on my friends feed - 347 (31.2%)
c. Such statements were never present on my friends feed - 102 (9.2%)
3. If the verdict on Savva Terentyev's case comes into force, how will it affect the number of bloggers who would allow themselves to make harsh statements about law enforcement and other state institutions and officials in open posts and comments?
a. Their numbers will grow significantly - 193 (17.4%)
b. Their numbers will grow, but not significantly - 239 (21.6%)
c. Their numbers will decrease, but not significantly - 550 (49.6%)
d. Their numbers will decrease significantly - 126 (11.4%)
4. If the verdict on Savva Terentyev's case comes into force, how will it affect the number of bloggers who would allow themselves to make harsh statements about law enforcement and other state institutions and officials in locked (friends-only) posts?
a. Their numbers will grow significantly - 386 (34.9%)
b. Their numbers will grow, but not significantly - 470 (42.5%)
c. Their numbers will decrease, but not significantly - 219 (19.8%)
d. Their numbers will decrease significantly - 31 (2.8%)
5. Do you consider Savva Terentyev's sentence fair?
a. I consider it fair - 73 (6.5%)
b. I consider it unfair, as it is too soft - 12 (1.1%)
c. I consider it unfair, as it is too harsh - 71 (6.3%)
d. I consider it unfair in principle, because, in my opinion, Savva did not commit a crime - 963 (86.1%)
On July 14, Savva Terentyev and his lawyer held a press conference in Moscow (see photo of Terentyev at LJ user mezak's blog). LJ user dolboeb - Anton Nossik, the self-described “Social Media Evangelist at SUP,” the online media company that owns LiveJournal.com - announced the event on his blog and added this note (RUS) at the end of his post:
[…] Each month, 10-12 million comments appear in the Cyrillic LJ (10.5 million in June, 130.5 million in the past 12 months). On the average, every post gets 3.7 comments. [The police unit that initiated Savva Terentyev's case] has plenty of work ahead (unless, of course, they've got nothing else to busy themselves with).
At the press conference, LJ user dolboeb reiterated his point (RUS, link to an article in Novaya Gazeta, the newspaper for which Anna Politkovskaya used to write):
[…] Of course, spending 15 minutes on the web and finding a criminal is a lot more convenient than running around the dark, narrow streets with a gun. As a taxpayer, I'm not satisfied with this situation. […]
From the Twitter account of the United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon:
Meeting Mr. Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann of Nicaragua, President-elect of the 63rd session of the General Assembly
Thanks to Twitter now we know when Ban Ki-Moon meet the Nicaraguan ambassador, Miguel d'Escoto, who is a US born priest who was into the Liberation Theology movement in Latin America and secretly became a Sandinista Ally during the 70's. He was named foreign minister for Nicaragua during the 80's. He was recently elected to be President of the General Assembly of the United Nations for 1 year, starting this September. He said shortly after being elected, according to Wikipedia:
“I hope my presidency will address what has become a universal clamor all over the world for the democratization of the United Nations. I promise to give full support to the working group on the revitalization of the General Assembly.”
It is funny to see how Nicaraguans found out about this meeting… via twitter! The Nicaraguan Twitter community, Twittnic [es] commented on this interesting piece of information and wondered what other similar political figures might use this popular tool:
Ya ven pues, Naciones Unidas usa Twitter. Como sería el twitter de nuestro presidente? o de nuestros diputados???
@danielortega: Going to see Mr. Chavez
@arnoldoaleman: TWITTER POLL a donde voy a cenar hoy?
@eduardomontealegre: si me hechan preso hechan presa a Nicaragua
@ElCheleGrisby: @eduardomontealegre VOS SI QUE SOS UN SINVERGUENZA!
Now you see, the United Nations uses Twitter. What would our president's Twitter be like? Or our lawmakers???
@danielortega:Going to see Mr. Chavez
@arnoloaleman: TWITTER POLL: where should I eat today? (in reference to protestors' recent visit)
@eduardomontealegre: if they jail me they jail Nicaragua
@ElCheleGrisby: @eduardomontealegre YOU REALLY DON'T HAVE ANY SHAME! (ElCheleGrisby is William Grisby, radio commentator from Sin Fronteras, Radio La primerisima, highly critical of right and left wing politicians in Nicaragua)

Photo by JCox and used under a Creative Commons license.
The Dancing Devils of Yare, a pagan-Christian celebration in Venezuela that takes place nine Thursdays after Holy Thursday, and is a very typical artistic and cultural expression of the region. To understand better what it is all about, in this Wikipedia article Dancing Devils of Yare, there are good explanations and links to journalistic works from some newspapers:
The Dancing Devils of Yare (Diablos Danzantes del Yare) is the name of a religious festivity celebrated in San Francisco de Yare, Miranda state, Venezuela, at the Corpus Christi day. The Sociedades del Santísimo (Societies of the Holiest) are in charge of the celebration. Its origins are traced back to the 18th century, being the oldest brotherhood of the American continent.
Every Corpus Christi (nine Thursdays after Holy Thursday), a ritual dance is performed by the so called “Dancing Devils”, who wear colorful garments (commonly all red), layers of stripped fabric, masks of grotesque appearance and also accessories like crosses, scapulars, rosaries and other sorts of amulets.
The fraternity of the devils is divided in hierarchical order, represented in their masks.
There are other expressions of this particular festivity named according to the location, such as the Devils of Naiguatá and the Devils of Chuao.
The blog Talento Venezolano [es] provides some additional background on the tradition :
Los “Diablos Danzantes de Yare” es, sin duda, un orgullo mirandino para toda Venezuela(…) Su origen nos viene desde la colonia y su verdadero nacimiento gira en torno a decenas de versiones. Lo importante es que los “diablos” hacen su devoción o promesa por razones de salud o por tradición. Se puede danzar por un tiempo determinado o por vida, una vez entrado en el “clan” el incumplimiento acarrea severas sanciones.
The dancing devils of Yare are, without a doubt, a source of pride from Miranda for all of Venezuela (…) Their origin comes from the times of the Spanish colonization and their true beginning is based on dozens of theories. The most important is that the “devils” make their devotion or promises for their health, or for tradition. It is possible to dance for a while or for a lifetime; once you are inside the clan, if you don’t comply, there could be severe sanctions.
Las Cosas de Rosa [es] adds details of the costumes worn by the dancers:
La fraternidad de Diablos de este pequeño pueblo colonial es la más vieja del continente americano y tal vez la más organizada. Camisa, pantalón y medias rojas, máscara y alpargatas, es el vestuario de Diablo. Llevan una cruz de palma bendita, el rosario y la medalla del Santísimo, que por ser difícil de conseguir se sustituye por otra medalla de una imagen religiosa cristiana. Llevan en una mano una maraca en forma de diablo y en la otra un látigo.
The fraternity of the devils in this small colonial town is the oldest on the American continent and maybe, the most organized. The Devils' wardrobe are red shirts, pants and socks, and sandals. They also use a blessed cross in their hand, a rosary and the medal of the Holy Spirit, as it is difficult to substitute another medal of a religious Christian image. They also carry a maraca in the shape of a devil in one hand and a whip in the other hand.
You can also see a video [es] that provides images of the tradition, and Hector Rattia provides testimonies through his pictures on his Flickr account. There is also an excellent photo essay site at Behind the Mask.
Veni Markovksi posts pictures and writes at length about Goran Bregovic and his Wedding and Funeral Orchestra's concerts in New York City.
In Gavras, an Iranian blog, we can discover the front page of more than 50 journals and magazines that have been banned and shutdown in recent years in Iran.
Have you been to Beijing lately? For those making their first trip for the Olympics, there's lots that's going to impress. What you won't see, however, is just as telling.
Danielle Edwards, guest blogging at Dominican Weekly, says that “we should all make the effort to resist rising food prices by being more innovative with our meals.”
Barbadian blogger Cheese-on-bread! comments on the controversial cover of The New Yorker: “Some people are really scared Obama is going to be the 43rd President of the United States…”
Guyana-Gyal notices some strange weather patterns at work in her neck of the woods…