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June 16th, 2008

   

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China: Curse of the Olympic mascots?

Olympics

Global Voices Olympics In case you ever wondered if those Olympic Fuwas weren't just a little too cute to be true, apparently you aren't the only one.

For China, the superstitious formula to that effect which has been making its way across various networks since the Sichuan earthquake looks accurate enough given the number of tragic events which have befallen China already this year. And mention of the Curse of the Fuwas [zh] has been getting deleted left and right and off Baidu and there are even separate versions, so the curse must really exist and the few criticisms of the notion [zh] that do still exist are powerless to stop it.

So, Sohu blogger Elvia Wu sums it up in a post that has since been deleted:

中国,08年的中国真是多事之秋呀!

从年初到现在,中国一直祸事连连。山东火车相撞、西藏闹事、奥运火炬在传递过程中被抢,现在成都又发生了大地震,死伤过万人!

近来在网上及手机短信中流传着这么一段话:

一个福娃头上是风筝,代表潍坊,于是山东出事了;
  一个福娃是藏羚羊,于是西藏出事了;
  一个福娃是火炬,于是火炬出事了;
  一个福娃是熊猫,于是四川出事了;
  现在还剩一条鱼 ….

China, what troubled times 2008 has been for you!

From the beginning of year until now, it's been disaster after disaster for China. The train car collision in Shandong, the unrest in Tibet, grabbing at the Olympic torch during the relay, and now Chengdu has had an earthquake, with tens of thousands dead!

Recently this little passage has been spreading around online and through SMS:

One Fuwa has a kite on its head, representing Weifang, and then something happened in Shandong;
One Fuwa is a Tibetan antelope, and then something happened in Tibet;
One Fuwa is a torch, and then something happened to the Olympic torch;
One Fuwa is a panda, and then something happened in Sichuan;
Now there's still the fish left…

对于中国目前的现状,国人是担忧的,这很能理解!

但我们不应该把奥运会与这些祸事相联。毕竟,奥运会是中国的光荣,是我们中华民族的光荣,是我们经过了很多努力之后才得来的荣誉。奥运福娃的设计是有突破的,是第一个以五个形象,以图组的形式出现在公众面前的。

奥运福娃的象征与这些祸事也许有些许巧合,但非要把这些事情联系在一起来说就是迷信了。

With the state that China's in now, people are worried, and this is very understandable!

But we should not associate these disasters with the Olympic Games. After all, the Olympics are China's glory, the glory of the Chinese people, and the honor we've earned after all the hard work we've been through. The design of the Olympic Fuwas was a breakthrough, it's the first time that the public has seen it come in a series of five figures.

There are some coincidences between the symbols of the Olympic Fuwas and these disasters, but determination to put these two together is just superstition.

Then there were other evidence points, such as January 25 (01/25) being the day the heaviest snowfall in 50 years fell, paralyzing a large part of the country's transportation and electricity networks, and 1+2+5 adding up to 8; the Tibetan riots broke out on March 14, so 3+1+4; the Shandong train collision occurred on April 28 (4*2=8), and the Sichuan earthquake on May 12. Then to top it all off, 8pm on August 8=888, sign of the Fuwa.

Most recently, the supposed curse has come full circle to bring Beibei into this, with torrential rain across large parts of the country which began on May 26 (2+6), setting records in Hong Kong, swallowing cars whole in Beijing, and flooding rivers from Jiangxi to hundreds of thousands displaced in Guangxi, which as Blogspot blogger Griffin Lee writes, only comes as the country is still left recovering from last month's earthquake:


earthquake's problem hasnt solve yet n now flooding all over places in southern China,
this is a tragic scene , imagine u're one of the victim or ur family or relaives r there.

Palestine: Obama on Jerusalem as Undivided

Barack Obama's pledge on June 11th to AIPAC that Jerusalem should be Israel's undivided capital has angered Palestinian officials. President Mahmoud Abbas made a statement that Obama's pledge is “totally rejected,” while Saeb Erekat, an Abbas aide, said that Palestinian negotiators would continue to insist upon East Jerusalem as the Palestinian capital. Incidentally, the United States does not currently recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel; rather, maps show Tel Aviv, where the U.S. and other embassies are located, as Israel's capital city.

Officials were not the only ones angered by Obama's statement. Palestinian bloggers, living within Palestine and outside of it, were frustrated as well. Dr. Ghassan Michel Rubeiz, writing for Arabisto.com, believes that Obama went too far:

Like the rest of Washington’s guest politicians, the senator from Illinois pledged to the rich and powerful audience his unqualified loyalty to the Jewish state.
But Obama went too far in comforting and easing doubts. To demonstrate his loyalty to Israel, he declared that Jerusalem must “remain undivided” as the capital of the Jewish State. This position is at variance with the current official US policy, a policy which regards Tel-Aviv, not Jerusalem, as the capital. Washington abides by international law on the status of Jerusalem: the future of the City of Peace must be negotiated by both Arabs and Jews.

Rubeiz then added:

But in the larger scheme of things, Obama’s Middle East policy is right on track. If elected president, he may be able to revive the currently stagnated Middle East peace process. He is open to talks with Iran, Syria and their partners; to disciplined withdrawal from Iraq and to decisive talks on a two-state solution for the Arab-Israeli conflict.

He then adds that he believes in Obama's uniting abilities:

In this election year both Arab and Jewish Americans would be smart to vote as Americans first. This is not to say that home background issues should be totally overlooked. Obama has the capacity and the desire to bring peace to the Middle East and offer change to America. If they switch their mindset to a win-win paradigm Arabs and Jews may find a mutual friend in Obama.

QuiQui, writing for KabobFest, is angered by Obama's perspective:

Throughout the campaign Obama has been talking as if race has not only ceased to exist in this country but that the white community shares the same concerns, all of which transcend racism. Now he talks as if not only is there nothing wrong with Zionism — he's talking as if Zionism must be defended. That man is gonna be president.

Robin, who often blogs for Palestine, wonders how many voters Obama has lost with his comments:

The question remains, how many voters has he lost with his “right turn”? I ask this because I am still wondering who wrote this speech for him, and did he pre-approve it? That is the lingering question in my mind because like Zunes, I do not believe that things stated in this speech were entirely necessary, in particular his wrong-headed “undivided Jerusalem” statement. Not only did it throw gasoline on an ongoing ending of the occupation/peace process/final status issues which have yet to be resolved for more than forty years, it is also a statement he ultimately felt he had to partially retract due to the not to be unexpected uproar in the Arab world as well as with Jewish voices for peace and many progressives.

Debunk the myths presents an interesting theory on Obama's AIPAC speech:

AIPAC, the powerful “Israeli” lobby and the zionist friendly media have decided that since the black culture is really hip now and black entertainers can really carry a message, then why not use the momentum of your enemy to your advantage - kinda like Aikido. So they figure put a black man president, and we're automatically cool and less mysterious. I mean would Kanye West be able to claim live on TV as he did during Katrina that the government doesn't care about black people. How effective would David Chappelle and Mos Def be when they challenge the institution headed by a black man.
So you see the genius of the plan. Take the cool from the streets and put it in the white house. And so the rebels who at one time were leading the cool movement will be left dumbfounded and scratching their heads going “So is it over, have we won?”

Finally, No Justice No Peace…the Big Picture was very straightforward:

Check out the transcript of Obama's speech to AIPAC. Candidates must talk tough when they address AIPAC. Note that Obama does not discuss Israel's 41-year ILLEGAL occupation or the NUMEROUS UN resolutions Israel has violated or its NUMEROUS contraventions of international law.

I wonder what Ron Paul would say to AIPAC, had he the opportunity to address this lunatic group.

This article is also posted on Voices without Votes.

Iraq: Black - The Colour of Grief

Iraqi women are now accustomed to wearing black - the colour of grief and mourning, notes Inside Iraq. But amid the darkness and gloom, some young women admit to wearing brown, green and even pink!

According to Correspondent Jenan:

Black is the favorite color for Iraqi women's clothing–not because they like it, but because they are used to wearing it. For decades Iraqi women have suffered from wars, sometimes losing their loved ones. That has caused them to wear black to show their deep grief.

Such a custom, means brisk business for fabric merchants. Jenan points:

Even Iraqi merchants import black clothes more than any other color, to meet demands of the marketplace.

“What other standards do Iraqi women fellow to choose the color of their clothes?” asks Jenan and then responds:

The most widely used, as explained earlier, is black. Besides for mourning, black is also used in our traditional costume called an aba (gown).

The blogger relates her personal experience with her mother, who has donned black from head to toe for 28 years. She writes:

Ever since 1980 until today I see my mom wearing black clothes from the top of her head to her toes. She first started wearing back after the death of my father 28 years ago, and she has never changed it even once, despite whatever happiness has happened in our family. My mom is like millions of Iraqi women who lost their husbands, brothers, sons or other loved ones.

Once I aasked my mom to put at least a white scarf on her head instead of a black one,. She replied: “It is shameful wearing colorful clothes if you have lost your beloved.” My mom was convinced that women who lost their loved ones shouldn’t wear any color but black.

What about Jenan? What does she like? She confesses:

As for myself, I like to wear different colors. I especially like brown and green–and sometimes even pink! It doesn't have to be a special occasion for me to wear pink, just whenever I feel like it. Besides abas, we wear veils, and they should be color-coordinated with the other color you are wearing.

Underneath the aba, you can wear any color you wish, but for the veil which goes over and around your head, it should be harmonious with the color of your aba. You should also wear only black sandals with your black aba. With other colors of clothes, you can wear different shoes of different colors.

Bosnia & Herzegovina, Serbia: Top war crimes suspect Župljanin arrested

Stojan Župljanin, one of the four top remaining war crimes suspects from the 1990s Balkan Wars wanted by the International War Crimes Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) based in The Hague, was arrested on Wednesday near Belgrade, the Serbian capital. The ICTY had been seeking Župljanin since 1999 and the US government had even offered a reward of up to $5 million for information leading to Zupljanin's arrest or conviction. The Balkan blogosphere has been abuzz with the news.

The Srebrenica Genocide Blog described the ICTY indictment against Župljanin:

Zupljanin, 56, who commanded Bosnian Serb police during the Bosnian Serb war in the mid-1990s, was initially charged with genocide, but that was later amended to crimes against humanity, grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions, and violations of the laws or customs of war.

The indictment against Zupljanin says he planned, ordered, or carried out the persecution of Bosniaks, Bosnian Croats and other non-Serbs in 1992. Forces under his command, the indictment says, were responsible for killing, torturing, raping and attacking non-Serbs in towns and villages.

The indictment also alleges that Zupljanin ordered the unlawful detention of people in prison camps which lacked adequate shelter, food, water, or medical care, and he is also charged with torture.

The Srebrenica Genocide Blog, Blog de veille sur les droits de l'homme en Serbie [Fr] and Samaha reported that at the moment of his arrest Stojan Župljanin claimed to be a certain Branislav Vukadin and showed documentation under that name, but subsequent DNA tests proved his identity. And Samaha (who also recommends watching the movie The Hunting Party, based on true events of chasing a war criminal in Bosnia) adds:

Mladic, Karadzic and Hadzic .. your time is running out.

Douglas Muir at A Fistful of Euros is a bit more skeptical than Samaha about the arrest of the other top suspects:

Personally I’d be very surprised if any of these three are caught, but then I’ve just been pleasantly surprised by Zupljanin’s arrest. Certainly I’d love to be wrong!

The blog How Bosnian and Balkan Wars Started posted an article by Agence France Presse describing the positive reactions of Bosniak leaders to the arrest, “as a possible sign of Serbia’s readiness to extradite remaining fugitives.”

Eric Gordy of East Ethnia also welcomed the arrest as a step forward for Serbia's EU integration:

…that leaves three more people indicted for war crimes on the list to be arrested: Ratko Mladić, Radovan Karadžić, and Goran Hadžić. That will take care of one of the principal conditions for ratification of the Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the EU and Serbia. If the country succeeded in improving its wine and becoming a global tennis superpower, surely it can make that extra step.

In one of the comments to his post, Steve Albert gave his opinion:

The thing is, it is Karadzic and Mladic that count. If Župljanin can be apprehended, so can Mladic. That is the real test as to whether Serbia is ready to meet the E.U.'s conditions for membership.

B92 blogger Hugh Griffiths offers an interpretation of the arrest coming at this particular moment in time:

… that Kostunica is finished became clear today when the secret police cast their very public vote by arresting indicted war criminal Stojan Zupljanin.

For if Kostunica and his mates the Radicals were going to form the next government, you can be sure that those who listen to the mobile phone conversations of criminals and politicians alike would never have arrested a war crimes indictee days before a Radical dominated government takes power, given the stated Radical election pledge that if they were to form the next government, no more fugitives would be sent to the Hague.

So there's clearly been a Eurovision moment and the writing is on Dedinje's walls. War crimes arrests = “For a European Serbia” forming the next government…

However, YakimaGulagLiteraryGazett, in a post titled “Yes, they can bust people when they WANT to,” states:

I don't see a coincidence here, and neither do many others where I am…

Japan: Reflections on the Akiba Massacre (Part 2)

In the last post, I summarized some of the many blog conversations about social background to the massacre in Tokyo's Akihabara district on June 8th. Another aspect of the tragedy sparking many discussions was the way the incident was covered through the citizen media: through blogs, but also through Twitter [ja], and most controversially through the use of streaming video [ja]. As blogger Akihito Kobayashi (小林啓倫) pointed out [ja], while this was not the first case in Japan where a news story broke first through these new forms of media, it was a very clear sign that times are changing. Even NHK, Japan's national broadcaster, was apparently using pictures off the Internet taken with mobile phone cameras by people who just happened to be on the scene.

Snapshot from streaming video by user Lyphard
Snapshot from streaming video by user Lyphard. No record of the actual stream has been found.

Random knife murders like the one in Akihabara may not be so novel in Japan [ja], but on-the-spot citizen media is still fairly new. The combination of the two, though, didn't go over very well with the public. An article in J-CAST [ja] describes the backlash in weekly magazines against the paparazzi-like picture-taking of curious onlookers snapping shots of bleeding victims. An online survey by Livedoor [ja] quoted in the article indicated that two-thirds of respondents thought that picture-taking at the scene was immoral.

More shocking than the picture taking to some was the use of streaming video. Live feeds by two users of Ustream in particular, lyphard and kenan (on Twitter at @lyphard and @kenan_), drew thousands of viewers before going down. At fragments of love on June 9th, blogger sillat described their experience watching Twitter feeds and Ustream streaming video:

日曜日だったので午後に布団を抜け出して、いつものようにMacの電源を付けてtwitterのtimelineを眺めていたら、なにか騒々しい。流れを見てると、どうやら秋葉原で大変な事件が起きたとか、歩行者天国が封鎖されたとか、物騒な話である。それと同時にustがどうのこうのというのも流れてきた。それが、当日偶然現地に居合わせた@kenan_と@Lyphardによるustream配信。@kenan_のアカウントはviewerが3000人くらいになってダウンした(おそらく原因はIRCチャットの負荷)らしいから見れなかったんだけど、@Lyphardが配信を始めてからは私も見ていた。まあそれもviewerが爆発的に増えてこっちもブラウザがフリーズして、そのあたりで配信は終わったんだけども、それからしばらくtimelineとNHKに張り付いて情報が錯綜していったり確定されたりする様子を眺めてるなどしてた。

It was Sunday, so I got out of my futon in the afternoon, and when I turned on my Mac and had a look at the Twitter timeline as I always do, there was chaos. I looked at the stream of messages, and there were disturbing conversations about a terrible incident that had happened in Akihabara, and about the pedestrian mall having been closed. And then at the same time, there was something being streamed on ust [Ustream]. What it was was a Ustream broadcast by @kenan_ and @Lyphard who just happened to have been on the scene when the whole thing happened. When the number of viewers at @kenan_'s account reached around 3000, it apparently went down (the cause was probably the load from the IRC chat), so I didn't get to see it, but I did see @Lyphard's live footage right from the beginning. Well, the viewers on that one also grew explosively, and my browser froze, so at that point the stream ended, but I did continue for a while to watch information coming in from the [Twitter] timeline and from NHK as the news became more complicated, and then more clear.

Later in the same post, sillat observes:

私たちは情報をなにがしかのメディアから受け取っていて、特に新聞・ラジオ・テレビ、そういうマスメディアと呼ばれるものから受け取ってることが多かった。特定少数から不特定多数への情報伝達。でもインターネットが発展していくにつれて、不特定多数からの情報伝達がやりやすくなった。Web2.0といわれてるアレ。

We receive our news from certain media, particularly newspapers, radio and TV; we have often received information from these so-called mass media. Information transmission from a specific minority to a general majority. But with the development of the Internet, it has become easier for the general majority to transmit information. That's what they refer to as Web 2.0.

kenan wrote at their blog “recently” on June 8th:

みんなも知ってると思う今日の秋葉原の事件をUstreamを使って映像配信してた。
身内だけで見てたけど2chに張られたらしく視聴者が2000人を超えた当りでサーバーとマシンの負荷の限界が来て配信終了。

I think everybody has heard about this already, but the incident in Akihabara today was broadcast live on Ustream.
It was only seen internally, but apparently it was posted at 2channel and when the number of viewers topped 2000, the load went over the limit of the server and machine and the streaming stopped.

実際、すぐ隣で蘇生術ほどこされてる重傷の人とか、止血ようの布とか散らばってて生々しかった。
これはただの報道ごっこであり、そんなの撮るんじゃない。不謹慎だ。とか思われるだろうし、警官の人にも「人の不幸を撮って楽しいか?」とか言われました。

It was very vivid, with people right next [to the camera] so badly wounded that they were receiving resuscitation, and cloths used to stop the bleeding scattered all about.
This was nothing but a make-believe broadcast, it shouldn't have been taken. It was imprudent. That's what I guess they thought of it, because I was asked by the police: “Do you enjoy shooting videos of people's unhappiness?”

In another post, kenan describes the scene at the moment when he shot the video, which started at 13:09:33 on June 8th:

この時点で警察、消防、救急車などはかなり整備されていた。
交差点付近は閉鎖。被害者にはビニールシート等で野次馬からの視界保護。
撮影範囲は新しいSofmap秋葉の交差点。
撮影方向は交差点のSofmapから反対側方面へ向けて配信、この時点で警察車両が交差点を囲い始め現場検証などが始まる。

At that moment, the police, firefighters and ambulances were getting heavily organized.
The area around the intersection was closed off. Plastic sheets were used to hide the victims from the view of curious onlookers.
The intersection with the new Sofmap Akiba was within the range of view of the camera.
The camera was pointed from the Sofmap intersection in the direction of the opposite side, and at that moment the police cars had started surrounding the intersection and an on-the-site investigation was starting.

Blogger hageatama provides some more background and offers a defense for kenan's shooting the streaming video:

元々、IRCの#Twitterに常駐している面子は”高円寺クラスタ”と称される集団を中心に、IRCによる文字実況とWEBカメラによる映像実況が組み合わされたWEBサービス”Ustream”の利用率が非常に高くなっています。昨夜も夜明けまで高円寺の@retlet宅内にぐだぐだ集まって、初代To Heartを実況しながらプレイする、等というアホな事をやっていまして、Ustreamの利用自体は日常茶飯事なわけです。

From the start, the rate of use of the web service “Ustream”, which combines live character-based interaction through IRC with live video through Web camera, has come to be very high, centering on a group called the “Koenji cluster” stationed permanently in the #Twitter IRC room. From last night until daybreak, [we] had gathered at @retlet's house in Koenji, and were doing stupid things like broadcasting while playing the first generation of To Heart. The use of Ustream itself is something that happens every day.

さらに、オタクとPCの街である秋葉原とTwitter利用者の親和性は異常に高く、週末どころか平日ですら夕方以降にリナカフェに行けば誰かいるという状況があります。

Also, the affinity between the otaku and PC town of Akihabara and Twitter users is very high. If you go to Linux Cafe there's always someone there, not only on the weekend but on weekday evenings as well.

つまり一般の人には理解しにくいであろう個人による事件の実況中継も、この2つの条件が組み合わさることで、秋葉原の現場で @kenan_ がUstream配信を始めた行動自体は、我々にとって特別な事でも何でも無いわけです。

In other words, the live broadcast of the actions of an individual, which I suppose is difficult for ordinary people to understand, resulted from the combination of the two conditions above, and the action itself of @kenan_ transmitting live Ustream footage on location in Akihabara is nothing out of the ordinary for us.

The other Ustream user who shot footage live at the scene, lyphard, wrote at their blog gunnyori:

私はあの場でustで中継しました。それはついさっきまでリナカフェの状況を中継していたのと何ら変わらない。ただ、その場での出来事を、あの場の空気を中継したかったからした。ただそれだけでした。

I broadcast through ust [Ustream] what was happening on the spot. There was nothing different between doing that and what I had been doing just up until that point, broadcasting the situation at Linux Cafe. The reason [that I did it] was just that I wanted to broadcast what was happening at the scene, the atmosphere at the scene. But that was it.

野次馬根性がなかったとは言い切れません。ustの閲覧者が増えていき数百人を超えた辺りである種の高揚感があったのも認めます。

I can't say that I didn't feel the curiosity of the onlooker. I admit that there was a kind of excitement at the point when the number of viewers watching the ust [Ustream] increased and topped one hundred people.

そんな私は不謹慎なのでしょうか?

Was what I did inappropriate?

While some were debating the legality [ja] of what kenan and lyphard did at Hatena Question, most recognized the significance of what had happened. Hatena blogger YUSIZO remarked [ja]:

ただ今回の事件がこのような形で一般人によって「報道」された事については、凄く重要な事だと思います。善悪は置いておいて。

Putting aside the right and wrong of it, the form of “reporting” by average citizens that took place in this case was extremely important, I think.

こういう「私的な報道」はこの方がやらなくてもいずれ誰かがやったと思いますし、これから数日、動画や携帯写メールで色んな人が現場の惨状を無配慮に垂れ流し、多くの人が自分なりの意見をのべるでしょう。

Even if he hadn't done this “personal reporting” , I think someone else would have anyway, and within a few days many different people would have spilled the details about the disastrous scene through videos and pictures from mobile phones, and I guess that many people would have stated their own views.

技術が進歩し、誰もが気軽に写真と動画をネット上に流せるようになった以上、個人レベルで報道が行われる事は避けられないと思います。

Technology is advancing, and now that anybody can easily upload their pictures and videos onto the Internet, this kind of reporting that happens at the level of the individual is unavoidable.

Many questioned what was happening to the sense of what is “public” (公共性). Blogger raurublock writes about the restraints put on mass media by their sponsors, arguing that what happened in this case demonstrates that media has changed fundamentally:

ところが今回の件を見てもわかるように、そういうマスコミの実質的な独占は既に崩れたわけですよ。これからは、これまで嵌っていたゆるゆるの箍すらなくなり、これまで皆あまり考えずに済んでいた「公共性とは何か」とか言う問題に直面せざるを得なくなる、ということでもあります。

As you will understand if you think about the current incident, the essential monopoly of this kind of mass media has collapsed. From here on in, the weak restraint that had applied [to media] up until now will begin to disappear, and we will have no choice but to face the question of “what is public”, something that up until now we haven't had to think about much.

Many bloggers and commentators wrote about this disappearing boundary between the curious onlooker and the professional reporter. An article by journalist and blogger Fujishiro Hiroyuki Fujishiro [藤代裕之] [ja] suggests that in an age when everybody can create media, the question of what kind of reporting is “right” becomes meaningless. In an article at CNET, web commentator, former journalist and author Sasaki Toshinao Sasaki [佐々木俊尚] (see this translated interview) remarks that traditional journalists have up until now been protected from the criticism that was targeted at Ustream users in this case by an illusion. He offers an interesting example of what happens to journalists when this illusion is gone:

知人の大手新聞記者はある夜、当直勤務の途中で火事現場に取材に駆り出された。うっかり会社にカメラを置き忘れていて、手元にある撮影機器はケータイしかない。しかたなくケータイで火事場を撮影していたところ、付近にいた警察官や消防隊員から何度となく「そんな不謹慎なことはやめなさい」とたしなめられた。彼はそのたびに「すみません、新聞社なんです」と説明せざるを得なかったのだという。

An acquaintance of mine who is a reporter for a mainstream paper was sent one night in the middle of his shift to cover the scene of a fire. He forgot his camera at the office, and the only thing that he had on hand that he could shoot with was his mobile phone. With no other choice, he took footage of the scene of the fire with [the camera in] his mobile phone. Police and firefighters in the area told him off many times and asked him to stop, saying: “what you're doing is shameless”. He had no choice on that occasion but to apologize to them, explaining: “I'm sorry, I'm from the newspaper company”.

But how far can this new kind of citizen media go? Are there limits? Blogger complexequality offers a sobering rhetorical question:

わかりにくければ、たとえばこういう思考実験をしてみればいいだろう。犯人は今回携帯のライフログを用いていた。多くの人が、そのライフログを見ている。「報道」を通して。では、もし犯人がワイヤレスのカメラを首からぶら下げて、連行されるその瞬間まで、USTREAMで自らの眼前に繰り広げられる光景をストリーミングしていたならばどうだろう。われわれはそれを見るのだろうか?

If it is hard to see this, try imagining the following thought experiment. The offender is writing a lifelog on his cell phone this time. Many people are looking at that lifelog. Through “reports”. So now, what if the offender had suspended a wireless camera from his neck, and had streamed the entire scene that unfolded before his eyes, right up to when he was taken in by police, on USTREAM? Would we all have watched that?

Note to regular readers: I've switched to using the western-style “<FIRST NAME> <LAST NAME>” rather than the Japanese-style “<LAST NAME> <FIRST NAME>”. I'll eventually go over all my earlier posts and make corrections.

Vietnam: Detention of journalists sparks web debate

It would seem like the press in Vietnam is getting freer and freer, but the arrest of two journalists and a once-renowned investigator shows that any recent progress is tenuous.

In the run up to Vietnam’s admission to the World Trade Organization in 2006, newspapers reported with never before seen gusto. In the biggest story since the arrest and execution of mob boss Nam Can, in mid 2006 the Project Management Unit 18 (PMU 18) scandal broke. Newspapers reported on ministry of transportation officials who were accused of embezzlement and bribery and for losing millions of foreign dollars. These reports made the international press and greatly embarrassed the Vietnamese Communist Party.

At the heart of the scandal was senior police officer in charge of investigating the case, Major General Pham Xuan Quac, now retired. He was hailed as a hero for his role in exposing corruption in the ministry of transportation. At one point he gave an interview to Thanh Nien reporter Nguyen Viet Chien, who then wrote of PMU 18 manager Bui Tien Dung’s attempts at bribery. Dung was arrested, along with deputy minister of transport Nguyen Viet Tien, who allocated 70 percent of ministry funds to the corrupt and inefficient PMU 18. The minister of transportation, Dao Dinh Binh, resigned but was not detained.

Newspaper reports reflected public outrage and labelled Dung, Tien and Binh as corrupt villains. Reports mentioned the call for justice, a bold step in a tightly controlled media. In the West it is illegal for the media to declare a person guilty or innocent before he or she is sentenced in court, so perhaps the Vietnamese media did go a step too far.

But this year the pendulum swung back. In early 2008, the PMU 18 officials went to trial, and Nguyen Viet Tien, accused of taking PMU 18 vehicles for personal use and of bribing an official in a land-scam, was cleared of all charges. In April, he was reinstated as a Communist Party member. In May, investigator Pham Xuan Quac and journalists Nguyen Viet Chien and Nguyen Van Hai were arrested and charged with “abuse of power” and for printing false facts in the news in the story relating to Dung bribing a number of important persons.

There is a frenzy of discussion on the internet, with colleagues of Chien and Hai eloquently supporting them, both in print and online. Nguyen Cong Khe, editor of the Thanh Nien newspaper, stands by journalist Chien:

“Phóng viên của tôi không bao giờ bịa đặt, mà làm báo không cho phép chúng tôi bịa đặt. Chúng tôi chống tham nhũng hay chống tiêu cực phải dựa trên cơ sở của sự thật và được cơ quan chức năng chính thức cung cấp.

Ngay như bài “Bùi Tiến Dũng đã khai đưa tiền chạy án cho gần 40 nhân vật quan trọng” đăng trên Thanh Niên có đến hai vị tướng xác nhận, và chúng tôi có băng ghi âm. . . Chúng tôi thông tin là có nguồn tin cung cấp, chứng cứ.”

“My reporter never fabricated anything; we are newspapermen and are never allowed to fabricate. We who are opposed to embezzlement and negativity must stand upon a foundation of truth for our organization to function.

“The day that the article, “Bui Tien Dung said that he bribed nearly 40 important persons” was in Thanh Nien newspaper, we had as many as two pieces of supporting evidence and a signed statement. We are informing you that we have valid news sources and proof.”

Journalist Doan Hiep of Saigon Giai Phong, thinks the charges relation to a single story written by Chien, are overblown and unrealistic:

“Họ bị khởi tố về tội lợi dụng chức vụ quyền hạn trong khi thi hành công vụ nhưng cụ thể là lợi dụng thế nào thì chưa ai biết cả. Nếu theo báo Thanh Niên, sai phạm của anh Nguyễn Việt Chiến ở chỗ đưa tin Bùi Tiến Dũng khai đã đưa tiền chạy án cho gần 40 nhân vật quan trọng, thì không đáng phải xử lý hình sự. Hẳn bên trong đó phải còn điều gì khuất tất.”

“They were detained for abusing power in doing their jobs, but they are actually being used for a purpose that no one can guess. If we look at the Thanh Nien newspaper, the mistake of Nguyen Viet Chien made when relating to the “Bui Tien Dung bribing nearly 40 important persons” story, then it’s not worth handling as a criminal offence. At the heart of this issue there must be something dubious.”

Ly Thong, of Hanoi, believes the current situation is a symptom of a greater struggle within government. Ly writes in a comment to an article in the English language Asia Sentinel on May 20th,

“This is a sign of disunity between the factions wresting for power within the communist party. The powerful conservative faction headed by the pro-Chinese (and pro-Russian) faction Nong Duc Manh want to deal a heavy blow at the more radical faction who want to combat corruption and inch towards the Western democracies…”

Chuong, a Vietnamese-Canadian, eloquently criticizes the Vietnamese government from Ontario,

“Các nhà báo viết về vụ PMU 18 đều bị bắt, cộng thêm thiếu tướng Nguyễn Xuân Quắc cũng cùng chung số phận, tôi càng không biết Việt Nam nằm đâu trên thước đo công lý, công bằng xã hội và tự do dân chủ của người dân…”

“The journalists who wrote about PMU18 have all been arrested, and even investigator Nguyen Xuan Quac faced the same destiny, and I question even more where Vietnam lies on the scales of justice, societal equality and free democracy of the people…”

One journalist, Huy Minh of the Vietnam News Agency, is taking it all in stride,

“Khi ông Nguyễn Việt Tiến còn bị giam giữ, tôi đã đọc một bài báo đăng tải hình ảnh ông Tiến cầm guitare và hát. Hình ảnh đó làm tôi chững lại và suy nghĩ, ông Tiến, trước hết cũng là một con người, với biết bao vui buồn của ông ấy…. Tôi chỉ có một câu hỏi thế này thôi: ‘Tại sao, trong vụ án này, lại có quá nhiều, quá nhiều người buồn đến vậy?. Tôi cũng đang như anh Việt Chiến, “bất lực trong cách giải thích” và cũng chẳng có gì cả, “ngoài những nỗi buồn”.’”

“When Nguyen Viet Tien was detained, I read an article with a picture of him holding a guitar and singing. That picture made stop short and think that Tien, before everything, is still a man, and I knew what sadness he bore… I only want to ask one question, ‘Why, during this episode, we have so many, so many people as upset as this? I will still insert that Viet Chien is “helpless in his explanations” and that it doesn’t mean a thing, “other than being sad”.’”

Minh has got something right, albeit unintentional. In Vietnam, the press is kept on a short leash, but occasionally a brave reporter is able to force change. These reporters knew better than anyone the tenuous ground on which they stood and took a calculated risk. Instead, drawing attention drawn to the fate of whistleblowers both highlights the press’ situation in Vietnam but also promotes fear of reporting the truth.