Starting in the DRC, the Gorilla Protection blog writes about the peace deal that could end years of war and conflict in DRC. The post includes snippets of Virunga wildlife preserve ranger's opinions and thoughts on the practical implications of the deal on gorilla protection efforts.

There are Rangers who, after 2 decades of conflict, view the situation with skepticism, and say that peace on the terms proposed will simply not last. When I ask them if this is all going to work, I hear “Je ne crois pas” very often. That is “I don’t think so“.
And there are many, who are tired, very tired. They want to move on. They want to work. They want to go home. And so they hope it will stick.

On the blog China Dialogue, Feng Gao writes of his optimism about conditions around ‘the road ahead from Bali'; saying:

The details of the two-year negotiation process are unclear, and there is much that needs to be discussed and confirmed. It is too early to predict the outcome of the negotiations, but the positive start we wanted to see is surely here. From this hopeful beginning, the world can enter a new era of global action on climate change.

Please note that some background information is available from last month's Global Voices coverage of the Climate Change conference in Bali.

Energy and environment are closely linked, as is shown by the Gorilla Potection blog, writing about how its rangers were beaten up when they stopped a truck carrying illegal charcoal. Charcoal is used as fuel for cooking by many in rural Africa and the problem of energy is persistent in most rural areas. The post includes photos of the trucks, the injured rangers and more details on what happened.

In South Africa, there have been power shortages and reports of cable cars in ski resorts being stuck. The blogger/cartoonist Jeremy Nell hilariously illustrates the situation, and the blog The ACDP Insider wonders who is to blame for the power shortages; saying:

Power shortages are indeed a hot topic in South Africa. I think most of us are somewhat at a loss for words on the matter. There's an unspoken question of: how can we be short of something so basic and so intrinsic to our lives? Electricity is so ingrained into our way of living that it comes as something of a shock to the system when you stumble cluelessly around the house at night wondering what to do with yourself.

While on the topic of energy and blackouts in South Africa, Ray Hartley of the blog Thought Leader writes that it would be an opportune moment for proponents of nuclear energy to make their case:

As the entire country experiences waves of “load-shedding”, the public is less choosy than ever about where the electricity comes from, so long as the stove stays on while supper is being cooked.
There is a danger that this climate could lead to the uncritical adoption of Eskom’s planned nuclear generators.
Communities need to be vigilant about where these facilities will be located and how waste will be disposed of once they are active.
Beggars can still be choosers.

Ian Gilfillan of Neverness looks at the alternatives to nuclear power, stating…

Besides all of its other problems, nuclear power has a long lead-time. Waiting for nuclear power to save us is like waiting for the tooth fairy. We need to do something before that. Reducing demand by rolling out solar powered traffic lights, and solar-powered water heaters, is a good start, and the only unfortunate thing is that it takes a crisis to implement something so obviously sensible.

Also from South Africa, the blog Greencars announces a fun competition from PlanetThoughts; a $500 Eco-car photo contest that is confirmed to be open to South Africans. More information on how it works is available on the blog post.

We end this roundup with a picture from DRC of a baby Gorilla, courtesy of the Gorilla Protection blog.

We begin in South Africa with news of solar powered street lights in Capetown, viewed by Carbon Copy as a great start to ‘putting renewables on the map'. On the same article he discusses the need for an enabling environment for large scale initiatives, and specific strategies to encourage clean energy adoption on a mass scale. Carl of Greencars also blogs about the solar powered street lights, giving the project a thumbs up and providing context of what this pilot project means.

Apparently, a large traffic light installation such as this uses as much electricity in a month as a 3-bedroom house, and if Cape Town were to remove all its traffic lights from the grid, it would be equivalent to removing 1200 houses off mains power.

Carl mentions the primary and secondary benefits of the installation, adding

Besides the direct environmental benefits that come from using sustainable energy sources, there’s a significant secondary benefit - if the traffic lights are more reliable than their grid-powered counterparts, we’ll see fewer malfunctioning traffic lights, resulting in less traffic congestion, which means less fuel burned.

He is also worried about the theft or damage of the solar panels but hopes that this does not happen to the project.

And now to Ghana: From the blog African Architecture and Design, a post about modern green architecture in the capital Accra, exemplified by current development of condominiums that will

…showcase other sustainable materials easy to come by in Ghana: bamboo for the poolside cabana and balcony railing; adobe plasters for the walls; and recycled oil drums as large-format shingle siding. Responsibly harvested native woods in wide planks will lend clean, contemporary lines to wall panels.

Ever wondered whether a company that is advertising its ‘green' credentials is really living up to the hype? Andreas writes on his blog the Antidote about ‘Greenwash on Spincycle', laying out an argument for being more informed and having a “sophisticated eye for what we are told to believe”.

It’s official: green is the new, well… Green. Companies around the world have realised that environmentally sound business practices can improve their profit margins and are touting their green consciousness through lavish advertising campaigns and multi-million dollar rebranding exercises.

To some, these marketing efforts may represent the first positive steps towards a more sustainable way of doing business, while many others simply reserve the right to remain sceptical.

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In concluding this roundup we go to Congo, where the war continues to affect the people and hamper gorilla protection efforts. The blog Gorilla protection continues to post regular updates about developments there, including the passing away of one of its rangers.
Not to leave in you on a sad note, but from the same blog is a picture of a baby gorilla named Kabila.

After over 22 years of negotiations and consultations, the United Nations approved the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples earlier this month, a broad, non-binding agreement articulating basic individual and communal rights to cultural self-preservation, self-determination and natural resources.

The Declaration sparked conversations in blogospheres around the world about the situation of indigenous people today, the Declaration's value and limits, as well as harsh condemnation of the four member countries that voted against: Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand.

K sums up the main provisions of the Declaration:

la Declaración consta de 46 artículos y establece parámetros mínimos de respeto a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, que incluyen propiedad de la tierra, acceso a los recursos naturales de los territorios donde se asientan, respeto y preservación de sus tradiciones y autodeterminación…El texto también hace hincapié en la importancia de la educación bilingüe y alude a la implementación de medidas especiales para asegurar el mejoramiento continuo de las condiciones económicas y sociales de los ancianos, mujeres y menores, en particular. La Declaración no es jurídicamente vinculante, pero representa un instrumento dinámico en las normas internacionales, que ayudaría a proteger a los indígenas contra la discriminación y marginación.

On the plight of indigenous people around the world

Democracia Multicultural:

Los pueblos indígenas afirman que sus tierras y territorios están siendo amenazados por la minería, tala, contaminación ambiental, proyectos de privatización y desarrollo, las designaciones de tierras como áreas protegidas o reservas y el uso de semillas genéticamente modificadas, entre otros.

Kenya Environmental & Political News Weblog writes that in Kenya, the Maasai and Ogiekrg face serious social problems that “stemmed mostly from eviction from their ancestral land and being denied the right to continue living in forests as their forefathers.”

Ever since colonial times, most of what used to be Maasai land has been taken over, for private farms and ranches, for government projects or for wildlife parks. Mostly they retain only the most arid and least fertile areas. The stress this causes to their herds has often been aggravated by attempts made by government of Kenya and Tanzania to ‘develop’ the Maasai.

Similarly, since colonial times, there have been persistent attempts to evict the Ogiek from their ancestral forest, usually on the pretext that they are degrading it. But when the Ogiek are removed, their forest is not protected but rather exploited by logging and tea plantations - some owned by government officials. In some parts of the Mau forest, groups of Ogiek are now resisting eviction, while in others they face influxes of settlers onto their land. The most serious threat currently facing them all comes from the government’s plan to open up around one tenth of Kenya’s forests - most of it in the Mau forest - to outsiders.

Censored News posts a statement by civil society organizations on the conditions of indigenous peoples elsewhere in Africa:

au moment ou des milliers de Batwa dans la région des grands lacs sont affectés par des guerres dont ils ne connaissent pas les raisons, des familles de San sont expropries de leur terre par des fermiers et des parks nationaux. Les forets qui constituent les ressources de survie des autochtones (Baka, Bageli, Batwa, endoroi, Massai, Ogiek, M’barabek …etc.) d’Afrique centrale et de l’Est sont détruites, le peuple touareg entre l’Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest est pris dans le feu d’un conflit d’intérêt d’exploitation de ressources naturelles et géopolitiques des Etats

Citing a World Bank report, Pepitorias writes that in many countries in Latin America, 75-90% of indigenous peoples live in poverty and that indigenous peoples are more vulnerable to global warming and natural disasters.

Settler states vote “No”

The passage of the Declaration was heralded as an historic milestone by indigenous groups, but many bloggers were highly critical of four “settler states” that voted against it: Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand.

Although legally non-binding, many of the document's provisions were controversial, according to Democracia Multicultural (es), including one ensuring that indigenous land cannot be “sin el consentimiento libre, previo e informado de los pueblos indígenas interesados, ni sin un acuerdo previo sobre una indemnización justa y equitativa” and another requiring restitution or just compensation for confiscated lands.

Wampum observes that states which voted against the Declaration were all former colonies of England in the Americas and the South Pacific, and that the states most active in promoting it were former colonies of Spain and Portugal in the Americas.

The MySpace blog save the sacred sites (via Angry Indian)

I have prayed many times that the world would recognize the rights of Indigenous Peoples. I knew that the US & Canada and of coarse Australia, who have done to the Aborigines what the US & Canada have done to Natives, would vote no. The big surprise to me was that Mexico, with their horrible treatment of Indigenous People there, wasn't the 5th country voting against the UN resolution for Indigenous rights. Another amazing thing to me is that even the countries who decimated the Native populations on the Caribbean Islands voted for it. The world is changing. And the US, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand had better catch up.

La Tribu du Verbe posts a video of a demonstration in Montreal organized by Femmes Autochtones du Quebec and writes about Canada's opposition to the Declaration:

Mais voilà que depuis l’entrée des conservateurs au pouvoir en janvier 2006, le Canada est devenu un farouche opposant à cette déclaration. Dernièrement, à quelques semaines du vote final pour l’adoption de la déclaration, le Canada, appuyé par l’Australie, la Nouvelle-Zélande, la Russie, la Colombie, la Guyane et le Surinam, a demandé de reprendre les négociations, manoeuvre qui a pour but de paralyser l’adoption de la déclaration.

The CAC Review calls the vote against the Declaration by these four “settler states” a “serious tactical error” that will not diminish the Declaration's symbolic value:

To be seen to act against the contents of the Declaration will be equated with acting against international public opinion. What stands out is not that “the liberal democracies with the most intense engagements with indigenous issues” voted against the Declaration, as some have said, since many other countries, with larger indigenous populations, and arguably more intense engagements, voted for it. What stands out instead is how settler states are still in the process of trying to settle themselves, how much “engagement” has really been disengagement, distance, friction, and conflict, and how much wishful thinking plays a part in reigning fantasies that, one day, Europe Part 2, will be as embedded in its foreign soil as Original Europe can claim to be on its soil.

The vote against the Declaration was a serious tactical error: these four states now sorely stand out as colonial, white states, anachronistic entitites in a world where “decolonization” has become part of the international vocabulary. They have also handed the Chinas of the world a powerful argument–that they too flout the will of “the international community,” that they too do not recognize the rights of disadvantaged minorities, and that liberal democracy is really little more than kleptocracy. If accepting the Declaration could have been symbolically binding (even if not legally so), then surely rejecting the Declaration will also come at a political cost. Some of us will see to it that it does.

soup is good food, the blog of a Canadian political science student, writes that even non-binding declarations can turn into political liabilities for governments unfriendly to native issues:

some might point out that the declaration is non-binding. The Canadian government could have easily signed it to look good and then ignored it like we do with other declarations. I wouldn't use this excuse.

I think the Harper government knows exactly how dangerous declarations can be.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is/was non-binding. Now many parts of it are customary international law. It's not perfect and violations still occur, but it's there. It's a global rallying point for change and justice. And that's something.

Politicians have learned from this “mistake” of allowing non-binding seemingly harmless feel-good declarations in. It eventually causes problems. Which is why we now have four powerful countries with ongoing histories of disgusting abuses against indigenous populations having temper tantrums over the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People. Because heaven forbid we should sign onto something that would oblige us to do the right thing.

What impact will the Declaration have?

In Martinique, le blog de [moi] predicts the declaration may prompt new rumblings from pro-independence elements.

Martinique is an overseas department of France, which had long opposed the Declaration on a “principal of the indivisibility of the Republic” and its refusal to recognize communal rights. France changed its position under former president Jacques Chirac, who was personally interested in “first peoples.”

indigenouspeoplecongobrazza (Fr) writes that although the Declaration, and in particular the sections pertaining to the use of land and natural resources and the principle of informed consent, might appear to be a victory for pygmies in Congo, “the absence of national legislation regarding indigenous peoples and the low level of education among most indigenous peoples” will remain major barriers to their benefiting from the Declaration.

Criticisms of the Declaration

Polysocial (es) notes that the Declaration was amended at the last minute, without input from an indigenous groups, after an agreement was struck between its cosponsors, a group of African and Latin American countries, including Peru, Guatemala and Mexico to include a clause which states the intention of the Declaration is not to authorize or stir any action threatening the territorial integrity or political unity of sovereign states.

Many Central and South American organizations demonstrated against these amendments, Polysocial writes, believing that the Declaration “had suffered changes that diminished its content…in the spirit of debilitating and restricting its scope.”

In a comment on le blog de [moi], WK, a reader, writes:

il y a quelque chose qui me heurte profondément dans cette déclaration c’est que j’y trouve une sorte d’abdication à créer des sociétés multiculturelles et un encouragement à des replis identitaires. Par ailleurs, une déclaration aussi globale me paraît mal venue dans le sens ou elle est tellement vague qu’elle pourra rester lettre morte alors qu’il y a bien urgence dans certaines cas, je pense par exemple à l’Alaska où des ressources et des modes de vie sont menacées par l’avidité des compagnies pétrolières.

One Japanese blogger voices concern about how indigenous peoples are defined. The UN has long relied on self-definition and purposely vague standards.

気になるのは、用語に関することです。宣言の英語表記ては「indigenous peoples」の諸権利に関する宣言となっていて、nationでもethnic groupでもありません。朝日も産経も記事の見出しは「先住民」ですが、本文では「先住民族」と「先住民」を併用しています。不統一で、あいまいです。

The blogger also writes that Japan is not the homogeneous society it claims to be:

日本ではしばしば単一言語、単一民族などといわれがちですが、子細に見れば、多元的、多様な文化が伝わっていることが分かります。文化的な多元性、多様性をもっとも端的に示しているのは、民族宗教といわれる神社の祭りの多様さです。縄文の火祭りをいまに伝えるものもあれば、伊勢神宮のお膝元で東南アジアの畑作農耕文化と共通するお田植えが行われてさえいます。

And explains the role of semantic issues in the Ainu people's campaign for cultural rights, and the influence of the declaration:

「民族」だといってしまえば、やれ「民族自決」だ、「独立」だ、ということになりかねません。日本でも、政府は、たとえばアイヌに対して、「先住民族」とは認めていません。萱野茂さんが尽力して10年前に成立した「アイヌ文化振興法」も「アイヌの人々」と表現しています。しかし、今回の採択を受けて、「アイヌ民族の尊厳確立」を目的に活動する北海道ウタリ協会はさっそく、「先住民族として認めることを要求していく」と表明しています。

Japanese translations by Chris Salzberg.